The Anti-War and Hippie Movements - 1344 Words

From the late 1950s to the late 1970s a phenomenon erupted over the United States. A proud counter culture was born in the midst of the Vietnam War. Many people protested against the Vietnam War and the horrors that many people saw on TV because of it. Many incidents triggered the Anti-War movement and the Hippie counter culture such as the growing United States involvement in Southern Vietnam, the gruesome images that the evening news showed uncensored, the draft that caused many thousands of men to lose their lives and their minds as the end result of the war. This war triggered a great sense of what is right and wrong in specifically young people. Social justice and moral justice were some of the main focal points of the Anti-War and Hippie movements. This war allowed teenagers and young adults to have power in what they believe in and to stand up against unjust killings of our men and innocent lives in Vietnam. The eighteen-year span of the war from 1956 -1975 saw the rise and ev entually the fall of the anti-war movement and the hippie movement. The Vietnam War was one of the most hated wars in United States history, for the primary reasons that we did not win and the draft destroyed countless men, physically and mentally. The end result of the war did not justify the means and this made a lot of people very upset. This war was also the most televised war, showing incredibly gruesome, uncensored images on the evening news at dinner time. The political protest for theShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Counterculture899 Words   |  4 PagesThe Impact of the Hippie Counterculture of the 1960s The â€Å"hippies† of the 1960s had many effects on the American society. The visual appearance and lifestyle of the hippies were in sharp contrast to the conservative nature of the older generation, which defined them as a counterculture. 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The hippie lifestyle was uncanny to older generations- this created the phenomenon of the â€Å"generationRead MoreThe Hippie Movement and the Beat Movemnt1704 Words   |  7 PagesHow the Hippies got hip with the beat of the Beat Movement Jack Kerouac once said, â€Å"the only people for me are the mad ones, the ones who are mad to live, mad to talk, mad to be saved, desirous of everything at the same time, the ones who never yawn or say a commonplace thing, but burn, burn, burn like fabulous yellow roman candles exploding like spiders across the stars† (Kerouac 5). Kerouac was the symbol of the Beat Movement. He was the rebellious and adventurous man, who during his time wasRead MoreThe Hippie Subculture Essay1440 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hippie Movement: The Philosophy behind the Counterculture The sixties was a decade of liberation and revolution, a time of great change and exciting exploration for the generations to come. 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While the hippie movement has subsided, as it became too cool andRead MoreDuring the 1960s, a new culture spread throughout the United States, stirring up the Flower Power800 Words   |  4 PagesPower movement as well as the aversion from the typical American lifestyle. These â€Å"Hippies† as they were known, didn’t want to fit in with the mainstream crowd. The name â€Å"hippie† was taken from the term â€Å"hipster†. It described how the Hippies believed that we should make love, not war, their vocal opposition to the United States’ involvement in the Vietnam War, and the increasingly rocky road to shared civil rights among all Americans led to this new, alternative form of activism. But the Hippie movementRead MoreThe Hippie Movement of the 1960s Essay example646 Words   |  3 PagesThe hippie subculture was originally a youth movement beginning in the United States around the early 1960s and consisted of a group of people who opposed politi cal and social orthodoxy, choosing an ideology that favored peace, love, and personal freedom. The hippies rejected established institutions, criticized middle class values, opposed nuclear weapons and the Vietnam War, were usually eco-friendly and vegetarians, and promoted the use of psychedelic drugs. They created their own communitiesRead MoreSixties Music and How it Reflected the Changing Times Essay1715 Words   |  7 Pagesremember the decade’s music as a representation of the moral decline and the representation of the inappropriate ideal of the youth (Szatmary 1996). The youth movement became the counterculture and they became hippies. The hippies preached mysticism, honesty, joy, and nonviolence (Time 7 July 1967, 4-5). Music played an intricate part in the hippie lifestyle. The music reflected the sentiment of the youth. It became an outlet for teenagers to express themselves and voice their concerns about societyRead MoreFashion of Roaring Twenties and the Si xties1527 Words   |  7 Pageswere economic and social change were happening. They are both largely known for their fashion. The 1920s was also known as the Roaring Twenties due to the period’s social, artistic, and cultural energy. The twenties were right after the end of World War One and right before the Great Depression. The era was notable for inventions and discoveries, industrial growth, increased consumer demand and significant changes in lifestyle (â€Å"roaring twenties†). During the twenties, the economy of the United StatesRead MorePositive Influence of Hippies on Canadian Society in the 1960s.1330 Words   |  6 Pagesencouragement of feminism, and their unique fashion. Hippies held enforcing protets for their freedom, against the Vietnam war, and for enviromental issues. The police in Vancouver did not like the counterculture of hippies. There was a sit-in and the police was going to break it up but the next time over 20 000 peopole came to support them. [1] The protests against Vietnam war originally came from America, however from this picture you can see how active Canada was as well. The hippies of Canada tried

The American Civil War Interpretations of Democracy Essay

One of the most convoluted themes in history is that of the meaning of war. The American Civil War specifically offers many differing explanations as to the true cause for which over 600,000 men dedicated and lost their lives. The Civil War was particularly so, in that there was no universal acceptance of the objectives or causes of the war from either side. Leaders from the Union and the Confederacy delineated distinctly different reasons for fighting, magnifying the hostility between the two regions both before and during wartime. The Confederacy insisted that, based on overwhelming sentiments, its secession was an inevitability that was within the bounds of constitutional law. The South justified this secession and subsequent violence†¦show more content†¦However, Davis by no means implies that the Confederate States are reliant upon foreign nations for economic survival, as he explains that any lack of exchanged goods between the two nations would only â€Å"serve to di vert our industry from the production of articles for export and employ it in the commodities for domestic use† (Davis, 99). The Confederacy strove to appear both capable of acting as an independent and valuable body in an international market and also oppressed by a tyrannical national government. The South called upon the idea that they had simply attempted to lawfully and peacefully separate from the â€Å"disparaging discrimination, submission to which would be inconsistent with their welfare† of the Union that worked against their best interest (Davis, 45). Through these points, Davis sought validation of the Confederacy from European nations as a means of international legitimacy, thus strengthening their cause and power. Leaders of the Confederacy maintained that the meaning of the war was a defense of natural rights and American liberties rather than an offensive attack on the national government. In contrast, it was Abraham Lincoln’s intention to convince foreign nations that the Confederacy was merely an illegitimate rebellion, and to dissuade them from recognizing it as a separate entity from the Union whatsoever. 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After analyzing these works thoroughly, Whitman has undeniably aided in the development of American identity and influencedRead MoreForeign Intervention And The Syrian Civil War Essay1501 Words   |  7 Pagessovereignty, can be used to reinforce the sovereignty of a state. Through realist and liberal judgments of sovereignty, both Russian and American intervention in the Syrian civil war can be questioned whether the force used, is justifiable by the contemporary situation in Syria. The Assad regime which has been in power since 1971 has seen recent civilian pro-democracy protests over lack of political freedom become violent which have been met with violence by government forces. (Adams, 2015) As explainedRead MoreThe Un Charter : The Violation Of National Sovereignty And Territorial Integrity Of A Member Of The Right770 Words   |  4 PagesI’m going to talk about the UN Charter. I think that some legal flaws of the UN Charter inevitably encourage the civil wars. State that influenced by Western Christianity culture often have great confusion on the role and interests of human rights and humanitarian due to religious obstacles. According to the UN Charter, collectivity benifits derive from Individualism (can be understood as human rights above sovereignty), which is actually its legal basis of existence. However, this term isRead MoreUnruly Americans And The Origins Of The Constitution1677 Words   |  7 Pagespurpose behind the book Unruly Americans and the Origins of the Constitution, by Woody Holton is to demonstrate the authors view on the true intent of the Framers when writing the Constitution. Although at first glance the book may seem to uphold the idea that the framers wrote the Constitution in order to protect civil liberties, Holton has a different opinion. To avoid a one sided book, the author not only looks at the framers intent, but the struggles facing the American people. 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In Shakespeares Othello, Iago Carefully And Masterfully Entraps Othell Essay Example For Students

In Shakespeares Othello, Iago Carefully And Masterfully Entraps Othell Essay In Shakespeares Othello, Iago carefully and masterfully entraps Othello into believing that his wife, Desdemona, is having an affair with Cassio. He does this through a series of suggestions and hesitations that entice and implant images in Othellos head that lead him to his demise. But what is more important is, he gives Othello the motive to murder his own innocent Desdemona, satisfying Iagos immense appetite for revenge. The motive for Iagos devious plan is initially made clear in the first of Iagos three major soliloquies, in which he proclaims Othello has had an affair with his wife, Emila. And it is thought abroad that twist my sheets hes done my office. The irony behind this line is that he then says, I know not ift be true, but I, for mere suspicion in that kind, will do as if for surety. The impression this gave me after reading the complete text was that Iago is so exceedingly paranoid and insane that he will go as far as murdering, and deluding even a General into murdering his wife!Iago simultaneously conducts an equally devious plan to obtain Cassios position as lieutenant, using Desdemonas prime weakness, her naivety. He disgraces Cassio by getting him drunk so that he strikes Roderigo. Othello then discharges Cassio when he says, I love thee; But nevermore be officer of mine. How must poor Cassio have felt? To lose all he had worked for, burning gallons of mid-night oil, working up his re putation that any half-hearted human can tell he deserved. It was therefore understandable that he would fall to the mercy of Iago completely oblivious to the inevitable effects. Iago reveals his plan to the reader in his third soliloquy where he states, His soul is so enfettered to her love, that she may make, unmake, do what she list, even as her appetite shall play the god with his weak functionAnd she for him pleads strongly to the Moor, Ill pour this pestilence into his ear, that she repeals him for her bodys lust; And by how much she strives to do him good, she shall undo her credit with the Moor.The first instance of this plan comes to life in the scene where Iago gets Cassio drunk, but the crafting only begins after Cassio is dismissed. With Cassios reputation squandered O I have lost my reputation. I have lost the immortal part of myself, and what remains is bestial, Iago subsequently hooks in Cassio by taking advantage of the fact that he is in a state where he will do an ything to get his job, position and reputation back. Iago tells him to seek Desdemona to get it all back, Our generals wife is now the generalShe is so free, so kind, so apt, so blessed a disposition, she holds is a vice in her goodness not to do more than she is requested. This tells me then Iago knows Desdemona is extremely naive. So Cassio asks Desdemona to ask Othello to take him in again. Iago implants images of Cassio and Desdemona having an affair in the mind of Othello, so the more Desdemona pleads with Othello, the more he believes Iago. And the more he refuses Desdemona because of this, the more Desdemona pleads with Othello, thereby creating an inescapable knot that never ceases to tighten around all three characters. But for any of this to work, Iago first had to carefully build up trust from all characters. Being a master of deception, this was not difficult. All the constant declarations of love spoken so openly and as though thoughtlessly throughout the play would be enough to fool anyone, I think you think I love youI protest, in the sincerity of love and honest kindness. And evidently he does deceive them thoughout the play in their words:Othello : Thy honesty and love doth mince this matterMy friend, thyhusband, honest, honest Iago. .u59c1f43de4986bf978c557b9acf90101 , .u59c1f43de4986bf978c557b9acf90101 .postImageUrl , .u59c1f43de4986bf978c557b9acf90101 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u59c1f43de4986bf978c557b9acf90101 , .u59c1f43de4986bf978c557b9acf90101:hover , .u59c1f43de4986bf978c557b9acf90101:visited , .u59c1f43de4986bf978c557b9acf90101:active { border:0!important; } .u59c1f43de4986bf978c557b9acf90101 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u59c1f43de4986bf978c557b9acf90101 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u59c1f43de4986bf978c557b9acf90101:active , .u59c1f43de4986bf978c557b9acf90101:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u59c1f43de4986bf978c557b9acf90101 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u59c1f43de4986bf978c557b9acf90101 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u59c1f43de4986bf978c557b9acf90101 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u59c1f43de4986bf978c557b9acf90101 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u59c1f43de4986bf978c557b9acf90101:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u59c1f43de4986bf978c557b9acf90101 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u59c1f43de4986bf978c557b9acf90101 .u59c1f43de4986bf978c557b9acf90101-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u59c1f43de4986bf978c557b9acf90101:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Defending my sports: Riflery EssayCassio : Good night honest IagoI never knew a Florentine more kindand honest. All the love and honesty Iago falsely imposes upon Othello and Cassio easily conjure them never to doubt the possibility that he could ever set either of them up in such a profound and disgraceful manner. The irony of course is that all the open declarations of love are made during conversations where Iago is deceiving other characters. One is therefore left to ponder on the naivety and innocent nature of all the characters. How can no-one see through his mask? The answer Emilia can. Iagos beloved wife, Emilia, is the one who eventually unravels her husbands masterful plan in the ultimate scene, but that is already too late, for Iago has gained his revenge with the murder of Desdemona by Othello. Another irony is that she actually failed to connect the persona she described, after Othello strikes Desdemona, with the persona of her husband. I will be hanged if some eternal villain, some busy and insinuating rogue, some cogging, cozening slave, to get some office, have not devised this slander; Ill be hanged else.What does this tell us about the relationship between Iago and Emilia? She does not seem to know her husband very well. To my mind, this is due to Iagos animal like attitude to love and life. He is very individualistic, concerned with only himself and what he wants. Very self-centered a closed door. This is made evident even in the first scene when Iago shouts up to Brabantio, an old black ram is tupping your white eweyoull have your nephews neigh to you; youll have coursers for cousins, and jennets for germans. The constant metaphoric association of animals and humans in this way portrays Iagos bestial attitude to sex. This relationship between Iago and Emilia is masterfully contrasted by Shakespeare with the relationship between Othello and Desdemona, who openly express their love and passion for each other:Othello : O my fair warrior!Desdemona : My dear Othello. Othello : It gives me wonder great as my content to see you here beforeme. O my souls joy! If after every tempest come suchcalms, may the winds blow till they have wakened death andlet the labouring bark climb hills of sea as hells fromheaven. Perpetual love and affection are contrasted with animal lustful attraction. What must Iago feel when he sees Othello and Desdemona together? The atmosphere. How his mind must associate the same atmosphere with Othello having an affair with his wife, enticing the green-eyed monster within him. It is therefore not that hard to understand the feelings that Iago feels, for it is just common jealously, which is clearly outlined when Iago finds Emilia alone in the courtyard. How now, what do you here alone? But to do this without surety, and to such great an extent is what we could much more easily describe as mad. Why does he choose the path he does? Wife for wife? But Emilia was never killed, so why must Desdemona die? In attempt to cover up, he does more than Othello ever supposedly did to him. And by putting Othello through the same feelings he himself has gone through, he does not really rid or relieve his feelings, but merely gains sadistic pleasure from brutal revenge. Mental treatment would be enforced upon such a person in todays world. Sinister and sly, I regard Iago as a cult figure for youths not to follow. That is not to say Othello is not a compelling and flawless portrayal. Generally, it can be said that it is more the function of our human imagination and unders tanding of our own nature, through which we determine Iago as being who he is.

The Great Gatsby Essays (1561 words) - The Great Gatsby, Literature

The Great Gatsby A Critical Review: The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is a universal and timeless literary masterpiece. Fitzgerald writes the novel during his time, about his time, and showing the bitter deterioration of his time. A combination of the 1920s high society lifestyle and the desperate attempts to reach its illusionary goals through wealth and power creates the essence behind The Great Gatsby. Nick Carraway, the narrator, moves to a quaint neighborhood outside of New York City called West Egg; his distant cousin and his former colleague, Daisy and Tom, live in a physically identical district across the bay called East Egg. The affluent couple quickly exposes Nick to the corrupting effect of wealth and materialism. He often serves as a sophisticated observer at several fashionable parties, yet he remains uninvolved in the hedonistic lifestyle. Jay Gatsby, the man who gives his name to the book, lives in an extraordinary estate adjacent to Nick, where he incessantly welcomes guests to sumptuous parties. Nick develops a fixation and a selfless devotion to Gatsby. Gatsby is a dreamer, absorbed by the past, and Nick reluctantly aids him in attempts to fulfill his ideal. The impractical illusions, in the end, destroy Gatsby and lead Nick to see the ultimate manifestation of corrupt American society. In The Great Gatsby, greed and corruption centralize the theme. Fitzgerald uses the contemporary public as a core of life for his characters. Gatsby's intent to win a love from his past by the display of lavish possessions results in annihilation. He was doomed from the beginning by his avaricious wishful thinking. Gatsby's approach to attain his goal was encumbered by immoral manners. The way he made money, tried to find love, and lived his life were all completely selfless, yet unjust. His bootlegging business earned him millions but also repelled everyone from his funeral. The countless years Gatsby worked to earn his fortune to win back his beloved abruptly ended with a decisive close. And the lavish parties with caterers, bartenders, and orchestras never drew his ?golden girl? to the scene. The characters of The Great Gatsby are in constant search of their own identities?a second theme. They think that the only ingredient to happiness is wealth and possession. At the beginning of the novel, certain images of the characters are embedded in the reader's mind, but as each one approaches a goal, he or she becomes more absorbed in desire and shows a shocking change in temperament. When Nick went to Tom and Daisy's house for dinner one evening at the beginning of the novel, Daisy attempted to make plans with Nick. She said, ?What'll we plan? What do people plan? (p.25).? She acts na?ve and innocent with no sense of independence. Contradicting this episode, she kills a woman in a car accident and goes home to, literally, eat cold chicken. She is in constant dispute with herself; she truly has no idea of what to do, and her husband, Tom, has the same dilemma. Tom believes that his exterior belongings make him the ?brute of a man (p.25)? Daisy says he is. After Tom read the book The Rise of the Coloured Empires, he became violently angered by the threat of another race submerging the whites. This shows that even though Tom felt superior, he had inner self-doubt that he could be defeated which caused him to react with rage. Both Tom and Daisy eventually discover the shameful history they have so carefully amassed yet are still unable to overcome their deceit and allow themselves to retreat back into their money and vast carelessness. A corrupting effect of wealth can easily be found among both the established rich people of East Egg and the newly rich residents of West Egg. The people of East Egg, such as Tom and Daisy Buchanan, have developed in a world of money and hold an empty future of purposelessness encompassed by assets. On the other hand, the inhabitants of West Egg have worked their way up into the world of fortune, many dishonestly, but still hold the vulgarity they garner from their origin. The events that take place in East Egg promote conservatism and power; they are moderately low-key and

English Coursework Help How to Review Your Freelancers and Know Youre Paying for a Good One

English Coursework Help How to Review Your Freelancers and Know Youre Paying for a Good One English Coursework Help: How to Review Your Freelancers and Know You’re Paying for a Good One Hiring a freelance writer is easy. Hiring a quality writer who will meet your specifications, use correct spelling grammar and words, and turn in assignments on time is more challenging. If you are looking for the English coursework help, look at these tips before you search for a freelancer to write for you. Spelling and Grammar Ask the freelancer to send you several samples of their work. You want at least two, so you can compare the documents and assure yourself that they are similar enough that the freelancer actually wrote them. Check the documents for spelling and grammar errors, or any odd usage of language. Then you want to review the freelancer’s profile, if available. The profile, especially the overview, will reveal many things to you. Lack of an overview or summary may tell you they do not take much pride in their work. Errors in the profile can give you an indication of the quality of paper you might receive from them. If a freelancer will not take the time to make sure the writing they use to represent themselves is perfect, you can be sure they will not take the time on your paper either. Formatting Since you have a few samples of the freelancer’s work determine what type of papers they are. If they are academic papers such as term papers or argumentative essays, you can review the format. A quick Google search will give you an idea of how each specific paper should be formatted, as different papers have different requirements. You can compare the suggested formatting against the sample paper and see if they are similar, or not. A poorly formatted sample paper from a freelancer may mean they do not put enough thought into the format, so if you do work with them you will need to clarify the format and give them specific instructions. Style and Word Usage Take note of the writer’s style. Are they too wordy? Do they tend to take the long way around when explaining something? If you see this in the paper, you may see it in future writing you receive from them as well. If you are looking for a specific style you might ask the freelancer if they have any samples in that style, or find a writer whose style is similar to what you are looking for. Many freelancers are able to be flexible to an extent, but the best results come from hiring someone who has a writing style you already view favorably. Sources and Citations If the sample is an academic paper requiring sources to be cited, take a look at those too. This will give you a huge insight into how this writer researched the topic subject. If you find the sources odd or not authoritative enough, you might keep searching for a freelancer. You may also be pleased with the sources used and this detail in the sample paper can confirm your choice of writer. Keeping these details in mind and doing a little research of your own before hiring a freelance coursework writer  can save you a headache or two later on.

Kid-Friendly Elephant Toothpaste Demo

Kid-Friendly Elephant Toothpaste Demo The elephant toothpaste demo is one of the most popular chemistry demonstrations, in which a steaming tube of foam keeps erupting from its container, resembling a smooshed tube of elephant-sized toothpaste. The classic demo uses 30% hydrogen peroxide, which is not safe for kids, but there is a safe version of this demonstration that is still very cool. Materials Empty 20-ounce plastic bottle (or other container)3% hydrogen peroxide solution (available at nearly any store)Packet of active yeast (from the grocery store)Liquid dishwashing detergent (such as Dawnâ„ ¢)Warm waterFood coloring (optional, but it looks nice) Make Elephant Toothpaste Pour 1/2 cup hydrogen peroxide solution, 1/4 cup dishwashing soap, and a few drops of food coloring into the bottle. Swish the bottle around to mix the ingredients. Set the bottle in a sink or outdoors or some other place where you wont mind getting wet foam everywhere.In a separate container, mix a packet of active yeast with a little warm water. Give the yeast about 5 minutes to activate before proceeding to the next step.When you are ready to do the demo, pour the yeast mixture into the bottle. The reaction occurs immediately upon the addition of the yeast. How It Works Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive molecule that readily decomposes into water (H2O) and oxygen: 2H2O2 → 2H2O O2(g) In this demonstration, yeast catalyzes the decomposition so it proceeds much more rapidly than normal. Yeast need warm water to reproduce, so the reaction wont work as well if you use cold water (no reaction) or very hot water (which kills the yeast.) The dishwashing detergent captures the oxygen that is released, making foam. Food coloring can color the film of the bubbles so you get colored foam. In addition to being a nice example of a decomposition reaction and a catalyzed reaction, the elephant toothpaste demo is exothermic, so heat is produced. However, the reaction just makes the solution warmer, not hot enough to cause burns. Christmas Tree Elephant Toothpaste You can easily use the elephant toothpaste reaction as a holiday chemistry demonstration. Just add green food coloring to the peroxide and detergent mixture and pour the two solutions into a Christmas tree-shaped container. A good choice is an Erlenmeyer flask because it has a cone shape. If you dont have access to chemistry glassware, you can make a tree shape by inverting a funnel over a glass or making your own funnel using paper and tape (which you could decorate, if you like.) Comparing the Original Reaction With the Kid-Friendly Recipe The original elephant toothpaste reaction, which uses a much higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide, can cause both chemical burns and thermal burns. While it produces a larger amount of foam, its not safe for kids and should be performed only by an adult using proper safety gear. From a chemistry perspective, both reactions are similar, except the kid-safe version is catalyzed by yeast, while the original demonstration is usually catalyzed using potassium iodide (KI). The kids version uses chemicals that are safe for children to touch. The lower concentration of peroxide can still discolor fabrics. Care should be taken to avoid ingestion because the project includes detergent, which can cause vomiting. Key Takeaways The elephants toothpaste chemistry demonstration produces heated foam when chemicals are mixed.The original demonstration results from decomposition of hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by potassium iodide. Detergent solution captures gases to form the foam. The kid-friendly version uses a lower concentration of hydrogen peroxide, with the decomposition catalyzed by yeast.While both versions of the reaction may be performed for a young audience, the original version uses concentrated hydrogen peroxide, which is a strong oxidizer, and potassium iodide, which may not be readily available.The kid-friendly version uses chemicals that are safe for children to touch, in case of a splash.As with all chemistry demonstrations, adult supervision is recommended. Sources Dirren, Glen; Gilbert, George; Juergens, Frederick; Page, Philip; Ramette, Richard; Schreiner, Rodney; Scott, Earle; Testen, May; Williams, Lloyd. Chemical Demonstrations: A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry. Vol. 1. University of Wisconsin Press, 1983, Madison, Wis.Elephants Toothpaste. University of Utah Chemistry Demonstrations. University of Utah.

Physician's Assistant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Physician's Assistant - Essay Example I found that the culture, differences, and opportunities that were coming my way here would never cross my path in Iran. That is why I decided to migrate to Canada. Perhaps it was an epiphany. It wasn't the burning bush but I discovered that in Canada, I was allowed to be who I truly am. Even though I made a conscious effort to blend in and adapt to the culture, nobody would fault me for following the same traditions and cultures of Iran either. By allowing me to experience this sort of freedom that those in Iran can only dream about, I have reshaped who I am and I am looking forward to whom I can be in the future.   I choose to address conflict at the word by directly dealing with it the minute that the problem arises. That way the conflict that exists can be nipped in the bud and any problems within the circle can be resolved before the misunderstanding or mishandling of a situation gets out of hand and causes more problems for everyone concerned. I learned about the effectivenes s of this technique while I was working at a local grocery store. I had a set of duties and responsibilities assigned to me by management that I had to complete by the end of my shift. I had a co-worker working the same shift with me and this person also had assigned tasks to complete. However, this person always found a reason to leave work early, thus leaving me to complete both sets of tasks. Of course, this did not sit well with me and when I got an opportunity, I confronted my co-worker about it. When the store manager heard us arguing, he immediately stepped in and spoke to us separately, then together in order to speedily resolve the issue. By doing so he was able to avoid employee conflict by dissolving the tension that was arising and ensured that the workplace would always be a peaceful and cooperative place to work in for everyone concerned.  

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 41

Essay Example However, as one might expect, these alternative views do not appropriately reflect the views of the author herself. Rather, notwithstanding the well-articulated counter arguments and the issue of freedom and legality that they necessarily entail, the author constructs an argument for the complete prohibition at worst and discouragement at best of the burqa within society. As a means of quickly seeking to jar the reader’s attention from the rhetorical strength of those individuals who have come out against legislation banning the veil, Berlinski shifts to the isolated cases of sexual violence that take place in the lawless suburbs of Paris. As a means of distraction this is an effective tactic due to the fact that it instantly congeals the reader’s impression of Islam as naturally given to sexual violence, rape specifically, and depicts the male adherents as little more than sexually deviant thugs who are more than willing to cast aside all decency that a host culture, such as France, may have gifted them as a means of punishing those who dare to show a bit of self expression and freedom of strict Islamic tradition. As a function of shifting the debate from the broad to the specific, the author is able to convince the reader that her specific point of view is the most rational. This rhetorical approach is not unique; however Berlinski ap plies it masterfully. Right after eviscerating Islamic European culture for being broken, immoral, and unrestrained, Berlinski states, â€Å"Yet the burqa must be banned. All forms of veiling must be, if not banned, strongly discouraged and stigmatized† (Berlinski 2). The argument deviates further from the subject matter when Berlinski brings in the topic of gynecological examinations of girls within many of the recent immigrant communities within Europe. Although it is not the function of this author to make a moral judgment with regards to whether or not such a fascination

Tornadoes in the United States Essay Example for Free

Tornadoes in the United States Essay Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the natural definition of tornado usually connotes a vortex of air that rapidly rotates and progress its contact with the ground. The rapidly circulating winds are very much capable of causing damage vast damage as a natural disaster. A tornado can move over a surface with few objects to be picked up and swirled about or you may not be able to see all the way to the surface beneath a funnel cloud because of intervening hills, trees, or buildings. Usually, the manifestations of these funnel clouds are already considered as indications of tornadoes, unless these manifestations are certain not to contact the ground[1]. The stretching that ultimately leads to tornado formation is due to the upward acceleration of the air at the base of the updraft[2]. Most manifestations of tornado illustrate extreme cyclonic force due to the effect called Corriolis, which connotes a counterclockwise movement of air in the northern hemisphere while the opposite direction of air’s movement in the south of equator. Anti-cyclonic tornadoes (clockwise-spinning in the northern hemisphere) have been observed[3]. Tornadoes most prominently manifest from the right side of air movement and the progress ahead from the storm center path as it touches the shores. In this discussion, the primary subject concerns with the occurrence and formation of tornadoes. The study tackles the principles comprising the formation of tornado in order to answer the main inquiry of the study. After which, the study analyzes the effects of tornado occurrence in the environment and the individuals in the perspective of its damaging effects. Lastly, the study covers the frequency of tornadoes in the United States and the most prominent parts in which tornadoes occur. Discussion Formation of Tornadoes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although the process by which tornadoes form is not completely understood, scientific research has revealed that tornadoes usually form under certain types of atmospheric conditions. The technology and studies in predicting the tornadoes’ occurrences are presently utilized by weather experts to eventually obtain even a crude prediction for tornadoes occurrences. Weather forecast can at least provide crude predictions for the occurrence of tornado, but this information can go inaccurate due to the wide scale of outside factors influencing the tornado’s characteristics[4]. However, even with continuous and vast studies being made to further understand the behavior of these tornadoes, predicting the occurrence of weather even with crude indications are still impossible[5]. Some predictions even fall into inaccuracy at times wherein those areas with less frequent tornadoes are being populated more than those areas with predictions of tornado occurrence but with little or no manifestation of the phenomenon.   Tornadoes, rather than being spread uniformly, as the case for solid body rotation, most of the vorticity and the ascent within the interior of the tornado vortex tend to become concentrated within a narrow ring, just inside the radius of strongest winds. Under certain conditions, this ring of extremely high vorticity can break down into multiple vortices, whose signatures are clearly evident in the situations of aerial debris[6]. In fact, nature’s most violent storms are usually quite small and localized. They are generated, shaped and dominated by powerful winds that whirl around a small area of extremely low pressure, creating a revolving storm with the characteristic swirling, funnel-shaped clouds[7].   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The easiest way to estimate the size of a tornado is by the size of the damage path. Usually, the common type of tornado’s path is from one to two miles wherein the width exceeds up to 50 yards. So far, the largest width the ever recorded accounts to one mile, while the smallest is considered 10 yards[8]. Tornado is formed and driven by a very low pressure winds present at its very core low pressure as its centre, which is often as much as 100mb lower than in the surrounding air. This scenario creates an overly steep pressure gradient that sucks in surrounding air and generates high wind speeds. The usual speed of the wind is in excess of 300 km/h are commonly present in Tornadoes. Geostrophic winds blow clockwise around tornadoes in the northern hemisphere and anticlockwise in the Southern hemisphere[9]. The widths of the tornadoes can vary during depending on the circulation of wind and other factors influencing their occurrences, because the size of the tornado can alter considerably during its lifetime. On other hand, the length of tornadoes’ path varies from the single point or the point of origin to more than 100 miles. The rotation in the tornadic supercell storm builds up gradually for a several hours, but the progression of the tornado itself usually occurs in much more speed than the usual expectation[10]. Typical tornado lifetimes are usually on the order of tens of minutes during which time move with the storm[11]. Most tornadoes have a diameter of less than a few hundred meters. A narrow rotating column of air that blows around a more or less vertical axis of low pressure and moves across the surface of the land is frequently described as a whirlwind[12]. The development of these Doppler radars provided a means for weather forecasters to at least obtain the status of characteristics, and event he chances of tornado for at least under circumstances. The National Weather Service has strategically located Doppler radars across the country which can detect air movement toward or away from the radar[13]. Detecting the progress of rotation within the tornadoes can enable the weather experts to determine and provide appropriate life-saving procedures. Most tornadoes eventually become surrounded by cooler, less buoyant downdraft air a the flanking line or rear flank gust front wraps around the mesocyclone, reminiscent of the way in which the cold air wraps around an occluding extratropical cyclone. As the mature tornado and its associated mesocyclne weaken and die, a new mesocyclone may form along the gust front, setting the stage for the formation of second tornado[14]. Somehow, studies have arrived to the most frequent time ranges when tornadoes usually occur; however, the accuracy of these time frames still vary according to other external factors, such as area, topographical location, climatic shifts, presence of storms, seasonal variations, etc. Tornadoes usually occur during late afternoon or early evening. They are most frequent during late spring or early summer[15]. A series of climatic cycles and transformations is thought to be the primary theory to support the ground basis for the formation of tornadoes. During its early phase, the initial event starts with the drying of cool air starts to meet up with the drying war air. In this sense, the air continuously overlaps with each other until humid air arises on the surface.   Progressing to the next phase, the warmer air begins to settle in the lower altitudes in order to increase the temperature inversion, which comprises of warm, dry stratum above moist or humid air surface layer. Due to the continuous advection or the horizontal airflow, the atmospheric changes under the temperature inversion continue to warm and moisturize. As the sun heats the air at the ground surface, it starts to ascend and cool, which then forms a large cumulonimbus clouds[16]. With tornado’s unpredictable character, tornadoes and the system for its formation are still being critically studied. So far, the studies have revealed the usual occurrence of tornado resides in isolated incidents or in great numbers along a storm front. In extreme cases, these tornadoes can even generate more than 300 miles (483 kilometers) per hour and may travel over 200 miles; the average tornado is much weaker and lasts for 5 to 10 minutes on the ground and traveling 2 to 5 miles[17]. A whirling mass of cloud and debris beneath a roiling sky is a truly awesome and frightening sight. The twisting winds inside a tornado average between 100 and 150 miles per hour, but some storms generate winds in excess of 200 miles per hour[18]. After which, a cold front settles in within the temperature inversion and force the surface air up through it into the cool air above. In this phase, the growth of the clouds progress rapidly although substantial in form but does not extend above the tropopause. In this scenario, a jet stream is being produced, which moves air away from the top of the cloud and convection occurs beneath it, making the storm more intense[19]. After this phase, the tornado is likely now to develop most especially if the position and curves of the jet stream is in very favorable condition. In addition, for a tornado to form, these should be enough air to flow into the bottom of the storm, which usually coincide with the tailing hail. This initiates the descending of the cold air produced in the initial phase, which somehow help to stimulate convection current and energy transfers. Finally, tailing hail and descending cold air initiate the production and initiation of convection of currents and energy transfers. Static electricity is now produced, which consequently aids on the development of the vortex present in the tornado’s body[20]. Effects of Tornadoes on Environment and People   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   People and properties are usually threatened by the massive entrance of high wind speeds around the tornado, which tornadoes move across the ground. Many tornadoes move at speeds of between 150 and nearly 500 km causing massive damage in the area that it passes by. Fast-progressing tornadoes cannot be outrun, and people caught in their path are generally advised to shelter or drive away at right angles to the narrow tornado track[21]. The intensity and duration of tornadoes greatly affect the rate of damage done by this disaster to the path it passes by and the environment to which it occurred. They have vast destructive impacts on the land in which they touch whether it is city, town, country, ocean or forest. The effects of tornadoes on forests are similar to that of hurricanes wherein the strong downward circulating motions of the wind alter the composition of forest stands[22]. In emphasizing tornadoes effects in financial losses of the community, approximately $5 million a year (compared with $200 million for urban drought) is spent to provide and improve warning systems and to construct tornado shelters or storm cellars[23]. The government is ready to spend this amount of funds for the preventive preparations in order to further warn their citizens of the coming natural phenomena. This is one of the primary reasons why the number of tornado-related deaths in these tornado-prone areas tends to be lower than those with lesser risked areas. Warning time under the best conditions is not more than one hour ahead of the event. Tornadoes cause great damage they often cause total destruction where the touch the ground, because of the extremely strong winds and the powerful uplift is within them. They often follow quite well-defined paths along the ground, and this is evident in the trail of damage they leave behind including swathes cut through forest and narrow strips of buildings destroyed in residential areas[24]. On the other hand, although deaths from tornado have been reduced in recent years, the number is still relatively high, averaging about 120 a year. Economic damage from tornadoes averages about $125 million a year, as opposed to only $15 million for drought[25]. The tornadoes have been one of the most destructive events in decades, killing forty-seven people, destroying 2,000 homes and causing about US $500 million worth of damage[26]. On the other hand, from one of the most prominent site of Tornado, Kansas, several tornados were estimated to have caused $2.5-5 million in property damage. Four deaths were caused by 484 tornadoes over the 52 year period (from 1950-2002) only for this area. In terms of tornadoes’ damaging potential, a primary tornadic direct hit on one of the larger communities can cause much greater loss of life and property than in small country[27]. Areas of the U.S Being Hit the Most   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tornadoes are the most violent and destructive disasters of the Earth’s atmosphere. About 200 tornadoes a year are recorded across the United States. They are even considered as the primary climatic hazards in central and eastern areas, and particularly in the valley of the Mississippi, which is most prominently known as the tornado alley[28]. In fact, during the years from 1920 to 1950, every country in Mississippi valley and those adjoining coastal plains of the Gulf of Mexico was struck by at least a dozen tornadoes that cause extreme property damages and the crude death rate of 2000 people[29]. Although tornadoes occur in many areas of the world, the United States has more tornadoes than any other country, with an estimated 30% to 50% of the world’s total. Canada ranks as the second place in the occurrence of tornado with approximately 100 to 200 tornadoes per year[30]. In additional, tornadoes occurring in these areas tend to be more aggressive and deadly than those in other countries. Such scenario is because of the clashing of air masses east of the Rockies. The most obvious tornado alley extends from the plains of northwest Texas eastward into north Texas and then northward across Oklahoma, Kansas, and eastern Nebraska. A second tornado alley, called Midwest Alley, is located over most of Illinois and Indiana. Finally, Dixie Alley[31] stretches eastward from Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas through Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. Dixie Alley also extends southward into Florida[32]. A portable Doppler radar measured a wind speed of 318 miles per hour in a tornado that struck Oklahoma City[33] on May 3, I999.[34] In this incident of tornado, the immense manifestation of tornado was not predicted accurately by the weather forecast during that point or at least, the news of its intensive manifestation arrived late, which caused the immense damage[35]. During April 26, 1991, one of the most prominent tornado occurrences in Oklahoma occurred near Red Rock. The wind measuring for 286 miles per hour was incorporated within the storm that devastated parts of Red Rock Oklahoma. In an average year, more than a thousand tornadoes are likely to touch down across the United States[36]. However, it is fortunate for the community that weather analysts can provide advance warning for the coming or at least a crude prediction of tornado occurrence in their area. In this way, the public is able to prepare for the coming of tornadoes; hence, reducing the damage this phenomenon can cause. Knowing that these Tornadoes happen predominantly during the afternoon and early evening, the exact ranges of time frames based on previous historical occurrence of tornadoes state 2:00P.M. until 7:00 P.M local time. On the other hand, the time wherein tornadoes usually show immense activity is from 5:00 P.M. to 6:00 P.M. Such time frame is very much evident in smaller alley or regions such as the Dixie Alley[37]. A broad swath from central Texas to eastern Nebraska comprises the heart of ‘tornado alley,† which extends southward through the Gulf States and eastward to the Ohio Valley. No other place in the world experiences more tornadoes than the nation’s heartland, although twisters are not confined to the Midwest and southern states[38]. In addition, the national tornado season is clearly from April through July; however, tornado season in the United States never really begins or ends but is ongoing[39]. Most tornadoes tend to build up inside very large storms, and these are usually found in unstable environments in which wind speeds vary with height and where cool, dry air rests on top of warm, moist air, with a thin, stable layer separating the two air masses[40], a condition similar to temperature inversion in other settings[41].   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the United States, those areas with high occurrences of tornadoes have relatively low rates of tornado-related deaths, partly because of variations in population density, but the provided proofs show a variation over time in the location of tornadoes, which is placing significant numbers of less well-prepared individuals and communities at risk. Death rates from tornado-related injuries in the United States are the highest among people living in mobile homes, the elderly (over 60 years of age) and people caught outside with no protection when the tornado passes by[42]. One of the most historical events that occurred in Pennsylvania was during 1998 wherein fifty-nine tornadoes, plus several waterspouts over the open waters of Lake Erie were counted for just one season. According to climatologist and weather analysts, the most damaging tornadoes that occurred within this area of Pennsylvania from 1865, 1896, 1944 and 1998 are only products of stronger western and southern storms that usually struck in late spring[43]. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As for the conclusion of the subject, tornadoes in the United States have indeed manifested in greatest terms wherein U.S has been considered as the top most destination for the occurrence of tornadoes. From the discussion of tornadoes, formation, it has been uncovered that the origin of these phenomenon are from the contacts of war and cold air that contradicts to form humid, moisture and temperature variance, which in the end, initiate static electricity that causes the formation of the vortex. From the discussion on the effects of tornadoes, it has been uncovered the main destruction caused by this event is on the property and physical aspect wherein significant economic cost decline are mainly affected especially for those occurring in larger communities. Lastly, the areas where tornadoes mostly occur are Nebraska, Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, and those areas within the tornado alley or Mississippi. Bibliography Alexander, D. E. (2003). Natural Disasters. Springer. Barnes, P. L. (1999). The Oryx Guide to Natural History: The Earth and All Its Inhabitants. Greenwood Publishing Group. Burton et.al., I. (1993). The Environment as Hazard. Guilford Press. Essex, S. (2005). Rural Change and Sustainability: Agriculture, the Environment and Communities. CABI Publishing. Gelber, B. (2002). The Pennsylvania Weather Book. Rutgers University Press. Gunn, A. (2001). The Impact of Geology on the United States. Greenwood Publishing. Hagget, P. (2002). Encyclopedia of World Geography. Marshall Cavendish. Konvicka , T. (1999). Teachers Weather Sourcebook. Libraries Unlimited. Pack, C. C. (2001). The Environment: Principles and Applications. Routledge. Tawrell, P. (2006). Camping Wilderness Survival: The Ultimate Outdoors Book. Paul Tawrell. Wallace, J. M., Hobbs, P. B. (2006). Atmospheric Science: An Introductory Survey. Academic Press. [1] Tawrell, P. (2006). Camping Wilderness Survival: The Ultimate Outdoors Book. Paul Tawrell. p.674 [2] In a typical supercell storm the rate of ascent w increases from near zero at the ground to ~3 m   s-1. Hence, the e-folding time T for the amplification of the vorticity is 300s (Wallace, J. M., Hobbs, P. B. (2006). Atmospheric Science: An Introductory Survey. Academic Press. P.360). [3] Tawrell, p.674 [4] Tawrell, p.674 [5] Tornadoes usually form when warm, humid air is sucked into a low-pressure cell. There it arrives into contact with a cold front accelerating towards it from the counter directions. The steep temperature gradient permits the tornado to facilitate along the squall line either in front of or along the cold front. In the United States, tornadoes are most common in the Mildwest and along the east coast (Park, C. C. (2001). The Environment: Principles and Applications. Routledge. P.315) [6] Wallace, Hobbs, p.360 [7] Powerful updraughts within increasing column of air provide the tornado its strong vertical progression, and the circulating form is induced by strong winds that are drawn into the low pressure center (Park, p.315). [8] Tawrell, p.674 [9] Park, p.315 [10] Wallace, Hobbs, p.360 [11] On the other hand, non-supercell tornadoes form when a patch of boundary layer air with circulation about a vertical axis comes into vertical alignment with a vigorous convective-scale updraft. The source of the vorticity may be a gust front, a convergence line, or wind shear induced by flow around a topographical feature (Ibid, p.361) [12] Tornadoes form over dry land, but when the funnel-shaped vortex comes into contact with a lake or sea it sucks up particles of water and whirls them around in a spiral pattern as a waterspout (Park, p.315). [13] Tawrell, p.674 [14] Wallace, Hobbs, p.360 [15] Park, p.315 [16] Alexander, D. E. (2003). Natural Disasters. Springer. P.172 [17] The United States is the most tornado-prone country in the world, with the main characteristic of tornadoes that range from average to extreme. The usual area of occurrence relies in Great Plains or the Tornado Alleys (Barnes, P. L. (1999). The Oryx Guide to Natural History: The Earth and All Its Inhabitants. Greenwood Publishing Group. P.55) [18] Gelber, B. (2002). The Pennsylvania Weather Book. Rutgers University Press. P.135 [19] Alexander, p.172 [20] Ibid, p.172 [21] Park, p.316 [22] Tornadoes, by contrast, are intensive hazards that threaten about +0 million people living in the areas of higher tornado incidence in the Midwest, the Great Plains, and the Gulf States. Tornadoes are comparatively rare events with high energy outputs and arc highly localized, with a very rapid onset. Moreover, although between six and seven hundred tornadoes occur every year, the average path is quite small. There is little incentive, therefore, to invest in protective measures, since their likelihood of being needed in any one place is small and, given the force of a tornado, such measures are often not effective (Baumann and Sims, 1972; cited from Burton et.al., I. (1993). The Environment as Hazard. Guilford Press. p.42). [23] Burton et.al. p.42 [24] Park, p.317 [25] Burton et.al. p.42 [26] Park, p.316 [27] Essex, S. (2005). Rural Change and Sustainability: Agriculture, the Environment and Communities. CABI Publishing. P.175 [28] America’s known â€Å"Tornado Alley† or the Mississippi is the area with the most prominent occurrence of twister that entails great damage and destruction; however, few periods see as much activity as on one night in mid May 1999, when seventy-six twisters ripped through Oklahoma, Nebraska, Kansas and Texas (Park, p.316) [29] Hagget, P. (2002). Encyclopedia of World Geography. Marshall Cavendish. P.84 [30] Konvicka , T. (1999). Teachers Weather Sourcebook. Libraries Unlimited. P.200 [31] Tornado incidence increases in Dixie Alley in February. During the spring, tornadoes become more common farther west and north, extending into Texas and the Tennessee Valley. By May and June, tornado frequency increases in the plains of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska. In July, tornado frequency shifts 10 the Dakotas, the Upper Midwest, and the Great Lakes region while decreasing to a minimum in Dixie Alley. An interesting secondary peak is evident in November, particularly in Dixie Alley (Konvicka, p.200-201). [32] Konvicka, p.200 [33] Ibid, p.200 [34] On the evening of 3 May 1999 the worst tornado of the century, as far as costs are concerned, touched down on Oklahoma City. It was the nation’s first billion-dollar one. It was not alone. Other parts of Oklahoma. the state that gets more tornadoes per square kilometer than anywhere else on earth, were hit with 65 of these storms on that same evening, all of them in areas close to Oklahoma City. Within a period of five hours 8,000 buildings were in partial or total ruin as the rash of storms swept from southwest Oklahoma diagonally across the state toward Wichita, Kansas (Gunn, A. (2001). The Impact of Geology on the United States. Greenwood Publishing.p.205) [35] The difficulties involved in forecasting were evident on that fateful evening in May. The Storm Prediction Center (SPC), based at Norman. Oklahoma, issues bulletins every day, and on that morning’s statement announced it as unlikely that any tornado would appear during the day. By early afternoon SPC raised its estimate to moderate. Not until close to 4:00 in the afternoon did SPC change its prediction to high risk—and then only because a powerful computer had shown that storms were charging across the state (Ibid, 205-206). [36] Gelber, p.135 [37] Konvicka, p.200 [38] Gelber, p.135 [39] Konvicka, p.200 [40]  If a weather system reaches this unstable mass, the status quo is disrupted: The low-level air is forced upward, and a vertical vortex gradually takes shape as the warm air ascends, cools to the point of condensation, and then is triggered into faster ascent as the latest heat of condensation warms the surroundings (Gunn, p.206). [41] Ibid, p.206 [42] Pennsylvania experiences an average number of eleven tornadoes annually, based on the statistical period of 1954 through 1999. However, during a ten-year period from 1989 to 1998, the average number of Pennsylvania tornadoes doubled to twenty-two . (Gelber, p.135) [43] Ibid, p.135

Essay --

ENTREPRENEURSHIP Entrepreneurship is the capacity and willingness to take risks and develop, organize and manage a business venture in a competitive global market which is constantly changing. Entrepreneurs are innovators, pioneers and future leaders who dares to take risk on their own and choose a path which no one has explored before. Importance of entrepreneurship in immense in our economy. Entrepreneurship has a turbulence effect i.e. it acts as an indicator growth of an industry by indicating number of entry and exits in that particular sector. The number of newly added market participants in any industry will finally result in an economic growth. Entrepreneurship not only encourages self-employment but also helps to create new jobs and opportunity to produce additional goods that adds to nation’s GDP. Thus entrepreneurs help to increase both demand and supply side of the economy which as whole improves quality of life. For example Mr. Sunil Maheswary who founded Mango Technologies Pvt. Ltd. He quitted his job at Reliance Infocom and joined a startup. Then he designed first ‘Designed in India’ Hand set which was a dual SIM phone. After some time he along with his colleague Lekh joshi together stated Mango Technologies in 2006 with less than 10 lacs. The company provided software for Mobil e phones. Later the company entered into a partnership with Texas Instruments and Qualcomm. The company had a vision to become number one mobile platform company. Mango Technologies also achieved some milestone like it got Nasscom’s most innovative company award in 2007-2008 and it came in top ten startup companies of 2008 in Mint and Wall Street Journal. Entrepreneurship pyramid - has four levels, going from bottom to up we have Level 1... ...al goals.It tells that the profile of an entrepreneur should be a mixture of Self-confidence, Sense of freedom but very disciplined, Work hard-goal oriented, Recognize power of ‘emergence’ , egolessness, money lover. The Team composition which can achieve excellence along with the entrepreneur should have ability to pull one’s weight, should be complementary, made of multitasking who will have a shared vision, transparency, mutual trust,ability to question each other, resilience & sense of humor.But while working in startups one has to have certain qualities such as dealing with risk, harvest comes in long haul, work unsupervised, construct big picture but focus on small ,teamwork is critical ,work as per plan ,faith in yourself ,learn to accept & big joys in small things . Anyone who has never made mistakes, Has never tried anything New – Albert Einstein

Math: Mathematics and Nurses

Math and Nursing February 9, 2013 Math and Nursing * My field of study in nursing. Nurses play a vital role in helping doctors care for patients in a variety of settings. In the field of nursing, mathematics is a crucial part of care giving. * Nurses have to use a variety of math concepts on their job everyday. Nurses must have a great knowledge of math to ensure that patients get the correct amount of medication, food and proper care. * The role a nurse plays in healthcare is vital and there is no room for mistakes when it comes to knowing and using math skills.It could be the difference between life and death. * Nurses have to be familiar with statistics when needing to know the side effects of medications and to counsel patients when giving a diagnosis. It is helpful to know statistics of diseases and what a persons outcome may be. * On a daily basis, nurses use algebra when reading charts, calculating medication doses, and reading lab results. * The metric system is most commonly used in the field of nursing. Nurses must be able to convert the metric system to Imperial and U. S. measurements. (Glydon, 2012). A nurse must be able to translate a doctor’s orders given in g, mcg, kg or min. He or she also must calculate these measurements into milligrams per hour to dispense. These measurements are used to test blood, urine, take vital signs and record intake and output of fluids. * For example: Dilantin,  0. 1 g, is ordered to be given through a tube. Dilantin is available as  30 mg  /  5 mL. How much would I, the nurse, give the patient? Using this formula below for calculating volume, I found that I would give the patient 16. 7 mL. Ordered| Have| x  Volume| =   Y (Liquid)| I would need to convert 0. 1 g to mg 0. 1 g x 1,000 = 100 mg 100 mg| 30 mg| | x  5 mL| = 16. 7 mL (Haigh, 2011). | * Nurses use drug calculations when they already know the strength of the medication that the patient needs. Example: If the doctor orders 975 mg of Tylen ol and I have 325 mg tablets, how many will I give the patient? I know that 325 mg = 1 tablet, and I need 975 mg in an unknown number of tablets. I would use an algebra formula such as this one to find how many tablets I would give the patient. 325 mg: 1 tab = 975 mg: x tab 25 mg †¢ x tab = 1 tab †¢ 975 mg 325x = 975 x = 3 I would give the patient 3 tablets. (How to calculate, 2002). In conclusion, the role that math plays in the field of nursing is crucial. Without knowing specific types of math, nurses would not be able to perform essential roles in helping doctors care for patients. Memorizing and using these formulas, equations, and conversions are vital in providing the most responsible health care possible. References Glydon, Natasha. †Medicine and Math†. www. MathCentral. com. N. p. 2012. Retrieved February 1, 2013.Haigh, Steve. â€Å"Helping nursing students prepare for exams†. www. Dosagehelp. com. N. p. Retrieved Jan 25, 2013. â€Å"How to cal culate drug doses†. N. a. www. nursingtimes. net. N. p. Sept. 2002. Retrieved February 1, 2013. Retrieved from: http://www. bing. com/images/search? q=nurse+measuring+meds&qs=n&form=QBIR&pq=nurse+measuring+meds&sc=0-11&sp=-1&sk=. 2009 (image reference) Retrieved from: http://ts3. mm. bing. net/th? id=H. 4513783909452038&pid=1. 7&w=100&h=100&c=7&rs=1. 2011 (image reference)

Group Observation Essay

The group I observed was a teen dating violence prevention group. It was held at A High School. The purpose of this group was to educate adolescents about domestic violence. The facilitator’s goal was to teach the adolescents about healthy relationships, unhealthy relationships, types of abuses, various red flags of an abuser, and provide important resources for those who may be going through a domestic violence relationship. In the group, there were about ten members. They were all males and sophomores in high school. Their age ranged from 15 to 17 years old. The population in the group was primarily Hispanics. The group was held in a classroom during 5th period, which lasts about 50 minutes. Every Tuesdays, two facilitators from X Agency would go to the high school and teach two different class sessions. One facilitator would take all the females in one room and the other facilitator would take the males in another room. In the male group that I observed, the teacher was always present in the classroom. This was the facilitator’s first session with a new group of students. The facilitator, Kim, first started off introducing herself to the class. She spoke briefly about the types of services that were provided at X Agency. She discussed about the different topics that the students would be learning throughout the 8-week session in the program. Then, Kim asked the group if they had any rules that should be applied within the group. Many students were very responsive to Kim’s question. She then talked a little bit about confidentiality. She discussed about how everything the group talked about stays within the group, unless the person disclosed that he or she was going to hurt someone, someone was hurting him or her, or he or she is being abused. Kim told the students that she would be mandated to report those three things. Kim did an activity with the students where the students would have to come up with a food name that had the same letter as their first name. Kim brought in a variety of colored paper and the students were to choose one colored paper of their choice. On the paper, the students were to write their food names along with their real name and draw some things that represented themselves. Kim walked around the room and created conversations with some of the students. Some of the students were unable to come up with a food name. When this happened, Kim would ask the student what his name was and then ask the rest of the class for any ideas. The students were very approachable and helpful. This activity took about 20 minutes. Everyone participated in the activity and seemed to really enjoy it. After the students were finished with their project, they had to tape it on a large butcher paper that was placed on the chalkboard. Kim explained to the students that the reason she wanted them to come up with a food name was because it would be easier for her to remember their names. After that activity, Kim asked the group some questions about what they would like to learn during these sessions. She wanted to know some of the things that the students would be interested in or may have learned already. She told the students that this group was all about them, and she would do the best she can to take in their ideas. Some of the students asked if they could talk more about girls and understanding some of the traits girls have. Kim had a question box, where students would write down any questions, ideas, thoughts, or comments they have that sometimes they may feel uncomfortable saying in front of the group. It would be completely anonymous, and the facilitator would normally discuss about it the following week. Afterwards, it was time for the students to go to their next class. Kim had all the students drop in their index cards for the question box. Throughout my observation, I felt that the facilitator’s leadership style was in between authoritarian style and democratic style. In the beginning of the session, Kim’s leadership style was more authoritarian because she was discussing about the program and the agency. I noticed that when other people were talking, she would stop talking and asked the students if they wanted to share something to the class. Other times, if other students were talking amongst themselves, Kim would stop and let them know that she was not going to talk over them. As the session went on, Kim started to have more of a democratic style. She already had a whole agenda planned out for the session. After going over the classroom rules, she started becoming more interactive with the students. Within the group members, I’ve noticed that there were subgroups in the classroom. There would be a group of friends who would be having conversations with each other. Some other students were quieter and did what was told. Some of the members would shout out comments, and other members would start laughing. Some of the strengths of the group was that overall, it seemed like everyone got along. Also, since all the group members were male, they probably felt more comfortable talking about certain topics and issues. Another strength was that these students were already familiar with each other, since they were in the same class. Most of them seemed to be very interactive with each other. The area the group needs to improve on is learning how to have side conversations with their friends. Even though the group is for the students, the students should learn and respect others who are talking. They could try to have fewer interruptions while others are speaking. The facilitator’s strength was that she had everything planned out. She went with her agenda and everything seemed to flow smoothly for the most part. When the students were doing the food activity, the facilitator was very engaging with the students. She showed a lot of interest with what the students had to say. She also did a lot of active listening when the students gave her some suggestions and ideas. An area that might need improvement is the way she talks to the students. Sometimes I felt that she sounded more of a teacher rather than understanding the group members. Since there was a teacher already in the classroom, maybe the teacher should be responsible for the disciplinary and not the facilitator. My concerns for this group is that some of the group members may have taken a similar program before and might end up being disruptive to the rest of the members. Most of the students seem to know a lot about domestic violence, and they may feel that the program is useless to them. I thought it was a great idea for the facilitator to ask the group members about what sort of things they would want to discuss about in the program. The facilitator acknowledged the group members’ thoughts and ideas, which I thought was very important. Group work seems to be more effective than individual work in certain ways. In one study, a researcher wanted to find out about the creativity between small groups and individuals (Moore, 2000). He had small groups working together and individuals working alone. Within the study, groups and individuals were given the same two paintings to examine. They were also given a questionnaire, which had questions about the paintings. The researcher wanted to see which one would produce more ideas and creativity for the paintings. Results showed that the groups came up with more ideas and details about the paintings than the individuals. Since there were more people in the group, more brainstorming were involved (Moore, 2000). Martell and Borg conducted a study on individuals versus groups on behavioral rating accuracy (1993). Researchers were interested in seeing if groups working together would remember more than individuals do. The groups had an advantage over the individuals because more members were involved, which means they can compare notes. Also, another advantage for doing group work was critically analyzing a situation, and in this case, a behavior. Results indicated that the groups had a higher accuracy in answering the questions than the individuals. The main reason was because the group members were able to discuss about it and compare their thoughts, whereas an individual only had one idea (Martell & Borg, 1993). These are one of the great benefits of group work. More ideas would be brought upon and could also have other people think about a certain idea or situation in a different way.

10 insightful tips to nail a career in digital marketing

10 insightful tips to nail a career in digital marketing If you’re thinking of pursuing a career in the industry of digital marketing, now is the best time to do it. Yes, now! As the industry itself ripens, so are the door of opportunities for many aspirants too.Digital marketing platform, Smart Insights, found that 39% of the companies within their survey hired new digital marketers that help expand the number of marketing agencies. It also pushes many brands to employ an in-house marketing team to fill in their marketing needs, all of which means one thing job opportunity.Just like outsourcing a call center, the demand for digital marketers grows at all levels starting from entry level up to management level skill sets. But how do you nail a gig once you have the skills? Worry no more as this article is intended for those who want to be part of the digital marketing industry. Check out the ten insightful tips below.Take InitiativeAn excellent digital marketer knows how to make brands stand out from the noise and the crowd. In sho rt, they know how to pitch a sale. A potential employer wont trust you with their marketing dollars if you don’t possess even the most basic skills and qualities.One surefire way to land a role in marketing is to sell yourself to the hiring manager and tell why you’ll make their company look good.But before diving into the application process, be sure to identify your top skills first and make a self-concept that shows who you are and what you can bring to the company. Think about what you can deliver beyond the requisite skill set. Think out of the box.Showcase Your CreativityJust like call center services, the world of marketing is all about communication across media. Hence, creating a powerful message is the key to nailing a job in the field.You can start with that one-page list of bullet points, skill lists and job titles called resume. Put some life into it. Digital marketing is a battlefield for creativity and wits so might as well start the game with your resum e.Make a customized landing page specially made for the person you’re trying to get a job with and then send a link instead of just sending a physical and regular-looking resume. This approach renders multiple benefits. Apart from showcasing your intellect, creating and telling stories, it will also reflect your work ethics.The campaigns in digital marketing frequently move at a breakneck pace, and creating and adapting on the fly shows that you’re up for a digital marketing career.Pitch YourselfCraft your pitch according to what the employer’s story is trying to tell if you want to stand out from other competitive job seekers. Ask yourself if what are the challenges of the company that they face at work every day, how they measure their success and what are the problems that they can solve by hiring you.A successful marketing campaign shows how a particular product or service will solve a consumer’s problem. This principle also applies to job seekers who convince hiring managers that they’ll be able to help and solve the issues of the company.It always helps to use empathy when applying for a job. Make a pitch to potential employers by drawing their attention with your compassion and understanding. After showing your sincerity, paint a picture of them about what the company will look like when you have eliminated their challenges. Only then can you tell them why you’re the best person for that particular job.Contact the Employers in a Creative WayEmployers or hiring managers are also canny marketers themselves. So, you shouldnt have a hard time finding them and tailor your pitch to get their attention.Tracking these people is one of the best ways to find out their corporate whereabouts and go there. If you’re going to use email, write something memorable that could catch their attention. You can also comment on what they said at a recent lecture or in their article or book that you read. Feel free to be provoca tive my friend!Know What You ‘Can’ and ‘Can’t’ Bring to the TableBetween how to hold yourself, what to wear, and how to correctly answer the interview questions that make your insides squirm, acing an interview is a difficult skill to master. An exceptional digital marketer knows about the strengths and weaknesses of the product, so should you.Playing with your strength is an easy way to get through an interview. But understanding and being honest about your weaknesses allows you to convey your inclination to grow and learn in a role. You’ll be much more comfortable going to an interview if you’re aware of what you know and what you don’t.It may sound clichà ©, but be honest with where you’re at in your career and just be yourself.Build Connection FirstMarketers by default are social beings because it’s what their job requires them to do so communicate and partner with different people and companies. It’s t he reason why it’s important to build a network of connection in the digital marketing industry.The people you meet will become your network of support whenever you encounter problems. They will also help open the doors of opportunities for you, in case you haven’t found one yet.You can start by attending industry conferences and meetups in your area to develop a potential network with other digital marketers and boost your skills through comprehensive workshops and presentations.Be a T- Shaped MarketerA T-shaped marketer is a term created by Rand Fishkin of Moz. It’s about having a basic understanding of different marketing disciplines but only specializes in one or two specific skills.It’s not surprising for companies to find candidates with a gamut of skill set that are indeed valuable assets because there are many crossovers between the different channels. It also helps you in choosing a significant path where you want to specialize.Arm Yourself   W ith Technical BasicsMost people often perceive digital marketing as quite glamorous, but the truth is, it’s more about data and technicalities than we would care to admit. You will not develop websites from scratch, but you’ll certainly need to communicate with a team of web designers or developers who are responsible for incorporating your recommendations.Thus, a basic knowledge of graphic design, Javascript and HTML will help you to stand among the not-so-technical minded candidates.Feed Yourself With the Right KnowledgeDo you know your CPA (Cost Per Acquisition) from your CPC (Cost Per Click)? If you want to ace an interview, you can discuss the return on ad spend that you run yourself for a campaign. It’s always a breeze to talk about creative concepts that you made. However, one fact remains money talks.You need to comprehend the performance of each marketing channel and their key learnings as well.Get CertifiedThe lack of entry nets is one of the issues t hat the digital marketing industry faces. It means that anyone with little knowledge of the terminology in the industry can potentially land a job in a company.As the digital marketing industry matures, recruiters are now becoming more cynical about which candidate can walk the talk and who can’t. Thus, formal training will leverage your chance of landing a career.Learning from industry experts, as opposed to self-learning, opens your eyes about the digital marketing challenges in the real world. It also gives you a forum to dispose of your specific technical questions or doubts.TakeawaySuffice to say; there are numerous ways to start a career in the digital marketing industry. And just like any field, be it an outsourcing call center, construction, or medical, passion and determination are essential to help you nail an opportunity. So, what are you waiting? Go out, spread your wings and get that position you’ve been aiming.About the author:Patrick Panuncillon is digit al marketer by profession and the ingenious mind behind LinkVista Digital Inc., a promising startup that offers various services in digital marketing, contact support, and staff leasing, to name a few. He is also a writer by heart and loves to write just about anything within his field and interests. You may connect with Patrick on LinkedIn.

Using MindMaps to Learn English Vocabulary

Using MindMaps to Learn English Vocabulary MindMaps are one of my favorite tools for helping students learn new vocabulary. I also frequently use MindMaps to think creatively for other projects that Im working on. MindMaps help us to learn visually.   Create a MindMap Creating a MindMap can take some time. However, it doesnt need to be complicated. A MindMap can be simple: Take a piece of paper and group vocabulary by theme, for example, school.   Who are the people at school?What kind of objects are in the classroom?What are the different types of classes?Which jobs do the people at school have?Which different types of students are there? Once you have created a MinMap you can expand. For example, from the above example with school, I could create a whole new area for the vocabulary used in each subject. MindMaps for Work English Lets apply these concepts to the workplace. If you are learning English in order to improve the English you use at work. You might want to consider the following subjects for a MindMap Titles of ColleaguesTitles of Customers / ClientsActions (verbs)Equipment I use EverydayMy ResponsibilitiesImportant Phrases to Use When Writing Emails In this example, you could expand on each category. For example, you could branch off categories from Colleagues to include what they do, or you could build out the vocabulary for each type of equipment you use at work. The most important factor is to let your mind guide you as you group vocabulary. Youll not only improve your English vocabulary, but you will quickly gain a better understanding of how the various items in your MindMaps interact. MindMaps for Important Combinations Another way to use a MindMap for vocabulary is to focus on grammar constructions when creating your MindMap. Lets take a look at verb combinations. I could arrange a MindMap using these categories: Verbs Gerund (ing form - doing)Verbs Infinitive (to do)Verbs Pronoun Base Form (do)Verbs Pronouns Infinitive (to do)   MindMaps for Collocations Another vocabulary activity that MindMaps can really help with is learning collocations. Collocations are words that are commonly used together. For example, take the word information. Information is a very general term, and we have all sorts of specific types of information. Information is also a noun. When working on collocations with nouns there are three main areas of vocabulary to learn: adjectives/verb noun/noun verb. Here are the categories for our MindMap: Adjective InformationInformation NounVerb InformationInformation Verb You can expand this MindMap on information further by exploring specific collocations with information used in specific professions. The next you start focusing on vocabulary, try to start using a MindMap. Start off on a piece of paper and become used to organizing your vocabulary in this manner. Next, start using a MindMap program. This will take some extra time, but you will quickly become used to learning vocabulary with this aid. Print off a MindMap and show it to some other students. Im sure theyll be impressed. Perhaps, your grades will start improving as well. In any case, using MindMaps will certainly make learning new vocabulary in English much easier than just writing down words on a list! Now that you understand the use of MindMaps, you can download a free version to create your own MindMaps by searching for Freemind, an easy-to-use open source software program. Now that you understand how to use MindMaps for learning new vocabulary and grammar, youll need some help on how to  create vocabulary lists. Teachers can use this reading comprehension MindMapping lesson to help students apply these technics in reading to help improve comprehension.

Critical note Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Critical note - Case Study Example The first challenge of rotation is the fact that not all employees normally welcome rotation. Apart from employee resistance, rotation is quite expensive (Golembiewski, 1995). This is majorly because employees require training on how to go about their activities at their new areas of work. The aspect of rotation being expensive is double edged in that it requires both time and money to ensure that the employees are armed with the necessary skills to enable them deliver. Another obvious reality is the fact that when the employees are subjected to continuous rotation, they hardly master some issues in some of the departments. This is because quite a considerable time is required for the mastery to take place. I hold the perception that instead of rotating employees with the aim of creating different perceptions and cultural diversity, it is worthwhile for organizations to recruit trained workers across their various departments, and encourage exchange of ideas through organizing sessions that bring employees across various departments together. In an attempt to create cultural diversity, organizations should always ensure that they balance their employees such that they originate from different cultures. This though should not be misunderstood to mean that competency should not be adhered

Hazardous Geographical Environments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hazardous Geographical Environments - Assignment Example Surveying and mapping projects have extensively employed lidar technology for precise or accuracy in distance measurements (Lee 298). Lidar has a broad range of applications. Lidar is used in topographic mapping, through which land is categorized into various zones. Lidar yields highly accurate topographic data which has allowed researchers to analyze farm land and determine sun exposures and the contours or slopes of farmland. Through lidar, geologists have been able to extract accurate maps on areas that are covered by forest canopy. Through lidar generated digital elevation models, geologists have been able to create high resolution maps across various zones on the earth’s surface (Lee 302). The detection of obstacles has also been enhanced through the application of lidar technology. In return navigation across various environments has been made effective. In geology, lidar has been applied in the detection of various topographic features across the earth’s surface. For instance, detection of river banks, terraces and elevations on land surface have been made possible through the application of l idar technology. Lidar technology has specifically been applied in the delineation of hazard zones. For instance, lidar has been used by geologists to monitor the processes of costal evolution and analyze the various hazards that are associated with coastal regions (Lee 310). Through lidar technology, geologists have also been able to identify and measure changes in landforms within hazard zones with a lot of precision. Such measurements have been used to predict the implications that are associated with specific hazards. The discovery, mapping and measurement of natural hazards, such as mudslides, landslides and flooding debris have been made possible through the application of laser technology. It is through lidar that hazard zones can be seen through

Global warming Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global warming - Speech or Presentation Example Pollution refers to any foreign material that is discharged into water, air or land. These materials either have acute or chronic effects on the environment. The pollutants discharged into air lead to global warming. Some of the pollutants include Carbon IV oxide, methane, nitrous oxide, fluorinated gases among others (Faust, 2008, p51). The greenhouse effect is the leading factor that leads to global warming. The Greenhouse effect, as it is commonly known, refers to the consequences of the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere (Faust, 2008, p79). Greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation from sunlight and in the process trap heat in the atmosphere. The production of greenhouse has increased in the recent past and this attributable to the pace of modernization. Fossil fuels are still being used in factories and vehicles, in spite being in the 21st century fossil fuels. The combustion of fossil fuels increases the percentage of CO2 in the atmosphere (Faust, 2008, p83). The increase in the percentage of Carbon (IV) Oxide leads to increased global warming. The sun emits ultraviolet radiation and the ozone layer shields us from this radiation. The layer is made up of Ozone (O3), which is very rare compared to other gases in the atmosphere (Faust, 2008, p21). Studies have found that increase global warming reduces the potency of the ozone layer of absorbing UV radiation. Global warming slowly increases the temperature of the Earth’s surface; thereby leading to a cold stratosphere. Reduced temperatures lead to the slower repairing of the layer exposing humans to dangerous UV radiation. This radiation causes cancer in both humans and animals (Faust, 2008, p34). Global warming has adverse effects that are hard to ignore. Furthermore, scientists forecast a bleak future for the human race if global warming is not reduced. Reducing the emission of greenhouse gases reduces global warming (Faust, 2008, p84). The

Nurse Staffing: Job Satisfaction and Retention

Nurse Staffing: Job Satisfaction and Retention Elizabeth Campins Overview of Quantitative Article The study conducted by (Hairr, Salisbury, Jonansson, Redfern-Vance, 2014), entitled Nurse Staffing and the Relationship to Job Satisfaction and retention, will be the object of the article analysis for this assignment. We are going to evaluate the research question of the study, the study design, representativeness, and the result of the data analysis including strengths and weakness of the study. Research Question The problem that has been addressed in the study is if the nurse-patient ratios affect job satisfaction and retention. The research questions for this article are the following: Has the number of patients assigned to the nurse resulted in job satisfaction? Has the actual economic situation influenced nurse decision to stay in the current position? (Hairr, Salisbury, Jonansson, Redfern-Vance, 2014) The above research questions contain variables referred as predictors that can be measure. Those predictors are the staffing size of registered nurses, and number of the patients assigned to nurses. For the second research question the predictor is the actual economic situation which includes the numbers of layoffs and/or hiring, and costs-services reduction. The outcome of this study is nurse retention and job satisfaction. One we have the problem clear, the population of interest identifies, the interventions considered feasible, and the standard and future comparison established we are in the path to find the best evidence (Adams, 2012, p. 73). Study Design Nurse Staffing and the Relationship to Job Satisfaction and retention by (Hairr, Salisbury, Jonansson, Redfern-Vance, 2014) is a quantitative design study. It is valuable for explaining relationship, nursing measurement and quantification that conduct to conclusive results (Peters, 2012, p. 161). The specific design of this study is non-experimental. It describes the relationship between nurse staffing, job satisfaction, and nurse retention in an acute care environment. More specifically this article is a correlational design study because establish relationship among variables or better to say among predictors and outcomes (Peters, 2012, p. 176). The type of predictive correlational designs for this study is model-testing. For this model type it is probable that researchers hypothesize which variables can conduct to better outcomes. Sample Size and Representativeness The type of sample for this study is a non-probability sampling method. It is used when the sampling frame cannot be calculated. As a result, the threat of selection bias is increased and is less representative of the selected population (White, 2012, p.257). Among non-probability sampling, this article is a convenience or consecutive type where the participants are recruited as they become available (White, 2012, p.257). There were seventy subjects selected as they become available. The majority were female with ages between thirty three and forty five years old. In addition, data collection last over thirty days. The strategy for choosing the subjects were stablished before the selection. It requires RN licensed, with six months experience at bedside in an acute care institution. The level of education at the time of the collection, age, gender, was also required. In addition was asked if the subjects were employed in a Magnet hospital. Results of data analysis Procedures Quantitative method takes in consideration data analysis after the data collection is finished. The study used statistical analysis. The tool was IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 20. For demographic and subscale variable was used descriptive statistics to determine if the predictive variable, that we mention at the beginning of the paper were related to the outcome nurse retention and job satisfaction. The following survey tools NWI-R (Nursing Work Index Revision) and COP (control over practice) subscales, which was taken from the NWI-R, were used to measure job satisfaction. A weak positive relationship between control over practice and nursing staff indicates that there is a relationship between workload and job satisfaction. One more retention variable was analyzed with frequency and percentage to get results about the actual economic situation affecting the decision to keep the current position. A moderately strong negative correlation shows that a nurse will consider leaving their actual position if the dissatisfaction increases. It Level (p) means a statistical parameter of the analysis. It was set at alpha equal to 0.05. The theme identified was nurse-patient high ratios work-load. It concluded that incrementing responsibilities during the shift put at risk satisfactory patient care, and raise nursing dissatisfaction and turnover. A common strategy mentioned for the participants to retain them in bedside nursing care was improving nursing-ratios. This strategy will decrease the cost of hiring and training new staff nurses, and it will retain experienced nurses. Improving the nurse to patient ratio is highly valuable to increase job satisfaction and retention. Summary of the Strengths and weakness The study major strengths were in data collection. The method of collection corresponds directly with the research question. It contains a variety of age groups and level of experience of the participants. An additional strength of the study is the use of control over practice subscale (COP) as an important survey mechanism to measure job determine the levels of job satisfaction and its impact on the nurse environment (Hairr, Salisbury, Jonansson, Redfern-Vance, 2014). The main weakness in the study was a sample size with only seventy participants as they become available during a thirty days period. For this reason is complicated to determine the generalizability of this research to the larger population (Hairr, Salisbury, Jonansson, Redfern-Vance, 2014). The study demonstrates that exist relationship between predictors and outcomes. This relationship does not show relevant threats in bias, history, maturation, testing or instrumentation. We are confident that the study has a relevant internal validity. On the other hand, it is not possible to conclude that the study can be generalized to other subjects or settings because of the limitations of the sample size (Hairr, Salisbury, Jonansson, Redfern-Vance, 2014). This study is not generalized to larger population, as a result, has a weak external validity. Summary of the Major Points of the Paper From Nurse Staffing and the Relationship to Job Satisfaction and retention by (Hairr, Salisbury, Jonansson, Redfern-Vance, 2014) we considered two important research questions for a quantitative study. It was reviewed the sample size and its representativeness of the population. After analyzing the data and procedures results we summarize the strengths and weakness of this study supporting our conclusion with (Peters, 2012, p. 150). Overview of a Qualitative Article The study conducted by (Lavoie-Tremblay et al., 2014), entitled Transforming care at the Bedside: Managers’ and Health Care Providers’ Perception of their Change Capabilities will be the focus of the article analysis for this assignment. We are going to evaluate the research question of the study, the study design, representativeness, and the result of the data analysis including strengths and weakness of the study. Research Question The problem that has been addressed in this study is the perceptions of managers and others healthcare providers about their change capabilities. The research questions are the following: Are the new strategies, that nurses are implementing, working to create better results in a way that make communication and teamwork easier and more efficient? Does the new project reduce wasteful work? (Lavoie-Tremblay et al., 2014). In the above research questions the research has interest in specific information from the person point of view and their inside about the subject studied (Mauk, 2012, p. 189). Participants that are knowledgeable on the researching theme are called key informants for the purpose of qualitative research. Study Design Transforming care at the Bedside: Managers’ and Health Care Providers’ Perception of their Change Capabilities by (Lavoie-Tremblay et al., 2014), is a qualitative design study. Among of the four types of qualitative research, our study is categorized as grounded theory where the main review of literature is examined when the research has being completed to compare the theory with other reviews, and create theories for other processes (Mauk, 2012, p. 199). There is not set of sample size at the beginning of the data collection. The researcher gets data until they are saturated with the information needed (Mauk, 2012, p. 200). The strategy used in our study is focus groups. The study involved three focus groups: pediatric medicine unit, an adult acute respiratory care unit, and an adult neurologic unit. Also was considered three individual interviews. The study was conducted for nine months (Lavoie-Tremblay et al., 2014). Sample Size and Representativeness As stated before, sample size in grounded theory is known at the end of the collection data. It relied on focus groups where the key informants where selected from managers and healthcare providers included in the transforming care at the bedside (TCAB) teams. It also includes recruited patient’s representation from the hospital’s committees whose members had been patients or had family members who were patient. The sample included sixteen women and three men for a total of nineteen participants. The demographic information (gender, age, education, job title) was collected to allow for an external assessment of the generalizability of the findings to a different setting (Polit Beck, 2012, p. 518). Results of data analysis Procedures Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed using NVivo data analysis. This procedure facilitates a rigorous analysis of unstructured data (Miles, Huberman, Saldaà ±a, 2013). Data analysis was examined in three ways: Condensing the data or coding the transcripts, presenting the data for discussion with the research team, and verifying the data with an audit trail to keep a record of the data collection details throughout the study. Two outside researchers coded the transcripts to reduce the chances of biased interpretation. Some of the themes identified were: Learning skills, sharing leadership capabilities with other staff members, impact of the changes for the institution and personally, the perception of the team approach to lead change, among others. Summary of the Strengths and weakness The strengths of the research article were sustained in the fact that the motivation to work as a team develops change capabilities in participants. The study gave the tools and resources necessary to identify, implement and evaluate changes. The study was successful in developing most of the target elements to change. Participants mentioned how their unit’s mode of functioning went from working alone to teamwork style. Also, they mentioned that the TCAB project helped them develop new skills and capacities for change. This study has credibility (Mauk, 2012, p. 200). It has being confirmed through members check after researchers sharing the results with participants to make sure the finding reflected what they say during the interviews. The study limits the generalizability of the results because was only conducted in three units. Summary of the Main Points of the Paper Transforming care at the Bedside: Managers’ and Health Care Providers’ Perception of their Change Capabilities by (Lavoie-Tremblay et al., 2014) we considered two important research questions for a qualitative study. It was reviewed the sample size and its representativeness of the population. After analyzing the data and procedures results we summarize the strengths and weakness of this study supporting our conclusion with (Mauk, 2012, p. 194). References Adams, S. (2012). Identifying research questions. In N. A. Schmidt, J. M. Brown (Eds.), Evidence-based practice for nurses: Appraisal and application of research (2nd ed., pp. 67-87). Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning. Hairr, D. C., Salisbury, H., Jonansson, M., Redfern-Vance, N. (2014, May/June). Nurse staffing and the relationship to job satisfaction and retention. Nursing Economic$, 32. Retrieved from http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=3[emailprotected]hid=4212 Lavoie-Tremblay, M., O’Connor, P., Lavigne, G. L., Biron, A., Ringer, J., Baillageon, S., Briand, A. (2014, Nov). Transforming care at the bedside: Managers’ and health care providers’ perceptions of their change capacities. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 45(11), 514-520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00220124-20141023-02 Mauk, K. L. (2012). Qualitative design: using words to provide evidence. In N. A. Schmidt, J. M. Brown (Eds.), Evidence-based practice for nurses: Appraisal and application of research (2nd ed., pp. 187-215). Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning. Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., Saldaà ±a, J. (2013). Qualitative data analysis: A method sourcebook (3rd ed.). Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=3CNrUbTu6CsCprintsec=frontcoverdq=Qualitative+data+analysis:+A+method+sourceboockhl=ensa=Xei=NZzOVMT_L6fPsQStvIDYDAved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepageq=Qualitative data analysis: A method sourceboockf=false Peters, R. M. (2012). Quantitative design: Using numbers to provide evidence. In N. A. Schmidt, J. M. Brown (Eds.), Evidence-based practice for nurses: Appraisal and application of research (2nd ed., pp. 165-185). Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning. Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T. (2012). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippicott Williams Wilkins. White, A. H. (2012). Using samples to provide evidence. In N. A. Schmidt, J. M. Brown (Eds.), Evidence-based practice for nurses: Appraisal and application of research (2nd ed., pp. 247-271). Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning.