Use of Graphic Novels in Teaching Coming of Age :: coming of age theme

Teaching a unit based around the theme of coming of age is important in an adolescent classroom. It has been taught in high school language arts time and time again. Coming of age works makes up a large part of the literary canon including works like The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn, Catcher in the Rye, A Separate Peace, etc. Additionally, this theme is important because the teenage students in the classroom are essentially going through their own coming of age. They are currently making the difficult transition out of childhood into adulthood. Students will be able to relate to literature that focuses on a coming of age story more easily than to other works of literature. This will encourage students to be more active participants in classroom discussions and responding to the texts. It also allows students to apply the things that they learn from literature to their own lives and struggles growing up. I would argue that this is one of the most important things that teachers of literature can hope for. In this unit on coming of age, the two primary texts will be To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee and the graphic novel Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee has become one of the most widely taught books in the high school classroom. In some classrooms, teachers make use of only a partial interpretation of the novel that focuses on racial injustice. While this is a significant theme in the novel and is absolutely one that should be taught, it is not the main theme of the novel. To Kill a Mockingbird tells the story of this racial injustice through the perspective of a child. It is the story of the coming of age of the narrator, Scout. According to Theodore Hipple in â€Å"Will the Real Mockingbird Please Stand Up?† (1969), the novel also tells the story of the growth of Jem as he loses his childhood innocence while he moves toward adulthood. By looking at the novel as a coming of age of two children, students will be better able to relate to the work than they would if they read it as a piece on racial injustice. However, students will still be able to learn about the historical social injustice that is portrayed in the novel. This is a good way for students to learn about how the society they live in was shaped. To Kill a Mockingbird is a coming of age story that holds a place in the literary canon and is a significant historical account of Use of Graphic Novels in Teaching Coming of Age :: coming of age theme Teaching a unit based around the theme of coming of age is important in an adolescent classroom. It has been taught in high school language arts time and time again. Coming of age works makes up a large part of the literary canon including works like The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn, Catcher in the Rye, A Separate Peace, etc. Additionally, this theme is important because the teenage students in the classroom are essentially going through their own coming of age. They are currently making the difficult transition out of childhood into adulthood. Students will be able to relate to literature that focuses on a coming of age story more easily than to other works of literature. This will encourage students to be more active participants in classroom discussions and responding to the texts. It also allows students to apply the things that they learn from literature to their own lives and struggles growing up. I would argue that this is one of the most important things that teachers of literature can hope for. In this unit on coming of age, the two primary texts will be To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee and the graphic novel Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee has become one of the most widely taught books in the high school classroom. In some classrooms, teachers make use of only a partial interpretation of the novel that focuses on racial injustice. While this is a significant theme in the novel and is absolutely one that should be taught, it is not the main theme of the novel. To Kill a Mockingbird tells the story of this racial injustice through the perspective of a child. It is the story of the coming of age of the narrator, Scout. According to Theodore Hipple in â€Å"Will the Real Mockingbird Please Stand Up?† (1969), the novel also tells the story of the growth of Jem as he loses his childhood innocence while he moves toward adulthood. By looking at the novel as a coming of age of two children, students will be better able to relate to the work than they would if they read it as a piece on racial injustice. However, students will still be able to learn about the historical social injustice that is portrayed in the novel. This is a good way for students to learn about how the society they live in was shaped. To Kill a Mockingbird is a coming of age story that holds a place in the literary canon and is a significant historical account of

The Wilderness in Margaret Atwood’s Surfacing, Mary Austin’s Land of Li

The Wilderness in Margaret Atwood’s Surfacing, Mary Austin’s Land of Little Rain, and Gary Snyder’s The Practice of the Wild Journeys into the wilderness test far more than the physical boundaries of the human traveler. Twentieth century wilderness authors move beyond the traditional travel-tour approach where nature is an external diversion from everyday life. Instead, nature becomes a catalyst for knowing our internal wilderness and our universal connections to all living things. In Margaret Atwood’s Surfacing, Mary Austin’s Land of Little Rain, and Gary Snyder’s The Practice of the Wild, â€Å"nature† mirrors each narrator: what the narrators ultimately discover in the wilderness reflects what needs they bring to it. Their points of view, expectations, and awareness all determine their experiences of the wild and â€Å"self.† Ultimately, however, each work reveals that the experience of nature need not be restricted only to â€Å"self-discovery,† but may well expand to an understanding of the spiritual â€Å"family self.† Atwood’s psychological novel describes the return journey by its narrator from a self-centered, urban existence to the Canadian wilderness of her youth, where she finds the meaning of family and her role in it. Though not overtly psychological, Mary Austin’s intense devotion to the life and people of her desert community suggests these have become replacements for her own, unsuccessful attempts at conventional family life. Finally, Gary Snyder’s kinship with nature exemplifies a life integrated in all aspects—a union that merges the practical, psychological, and spiritual into what may be called the â€Å"cosmic† family. Birth of Family Margaret Atwood’s Surfacing describes the heroine/narrator’s phy... ...our experiences: the progress of our consciousness. This progress resolves issues of the self and one’s individual past, heals our psychic pain, and releases us from powerlessness and fear. By accepting the wilderness in ourselves we will understand the wilderness in each other and our connectedness. Nature functions as catalyst, as guide, as test, as teacher. Then opening the spiritual window to grace, we ultimately realize the possibility of being fully human. References Atwood, Margaret. Surfacing (New York: Fawcett Crest, 1972). Austin, Mary. Stories from the Country of Lost Borders. Ed. Marjorie Pryse (New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1987). Pryse, Marjorie. "Introduction" to Stories from the Country of Lost Borders by Mary Austin. (New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1987). Snyder, Gary. The Practice of the Wild (San Francisco: North Point Press, 1990).

Frost and Wordsworth Essay

Robert Frost (L) and William Wordsworth (R)Syed Naquib Muslim Robert Frost is often designated by students and critics as the American poetical parallel of William Wordsworth, the forerunner of the Romantic Movement in England. It is widely believed that Wordsworth exerted profound influence on Frost in writing his poems, especially those on nature. In philosophy and style, Frost and Wordsworth appear both similar and dissimilar. Both Wordsworth and Frost wrote in the ordinary language of ordinary people. Frost’s poetry, to use his own words, â€Å"begins in delight and ends in wisdom†, whereas Wordsworth’s poetry â€Å"begins in delight and ends in delight. † Frost’s wisdom is best reflected in the immortal line in Mending Wall: â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors. † In Byron’s view, Wordsworth is â€Å"dull, over-mild and flat like a sauce into which the cook had forgotten to shake pepper. † Unlike Wordsworth, Frost is less egotistical and he maintains what Eliot terms as ‘artistic detachment. † Except in elegies, Frost does not always involve himself in the subject matter of his poetry. Both poets consciously avoided the rhetorical extravaganza of William Shakespeare and grandiloquence of John Milton. Frost was able to capture the natural tone of human conversation. His poem, A Boy’s Will, captures the reader’s attention not only for the theme but also for plainness of expression. Ideas, emotions and feelings are expressed in ordinary speeches. The same is true of Wordsworth. My views about Frost are a bit different. Frost is deceptively plain whereas Wordsworth is genuinely simple. Frost’s poetry contains plain words but complex thoughts whereas Wordsworth’s poetry has plain words and plain thoughts. Wordsworth is plain both in manner and matter. He is never pretentious, covert and deceptive. Both Wordsworth and Frost are democratic in style as they speak â€Å"to men in the tongue all men know because they are men. † Wordsworth is more comparable to Whitman than Frost. In Frost, plainness is present but it is a deceptive plainness. In deceptive simplicity, Frost reveals the complexities of rural life in the garb of plain words. Many of his monosyllabic words were difficult to comprehend as these were charged with symbolic meanings. The body of his poetry wears an ordinary garment but beneath it remain messages that need one to introspect for clear understanding. Frost uses symbols taken from nature to express the intended meanings or messages. For Wordsworth, poetry is the outcome of personal spiritual or mystical experience experience is the antecedent and poems are the consequent. In fact, experience causes expression, and expression becomes a spontaneous outburst. For Frost, poetry begins consciously and it ends unconsciously. In Wordsworth’s poetry, nature is supreme, where humans and nature forge an intimate communion; humans and nature are never found hostile to each other. In Frost, rural people are supreme and nature has been made subordinate to humans. It is hard to describe Frost as the poet of nature, if we determine Wordsworth as the standard. Frost himself admits: â€Å"We have had nature poetry for a hundred years. † He is interested in locating the relations between nature and humans. It is true that both poets sought to find solace and delight in nature. The poem Birches offers the best example of how the poet blends observation and imagination, fact and fancy, feeling and wisdom. Like the poetry of Thomas Hardy, the subjects of Frost’s poetry are local or regional. Their poetry springs from specific areas. The subjects of Wordsworth’s poetry are universal, and are true of all people of the world. Frost wrote about ordinary people farmers and workers were the subjects of his poems. Woods, flowers, birches, weeds, birds and trees showed up frequently in his poems. The rural landscape and wildlife form the content of his poetry. Because of his unfeigned interest in and love for rural people, Frost emerged ultimately as a national bard and a poetic sage of America. Frost is an environmentalist, and Wordsworth is a pantheist. In New Hampshire, Frost declares: â€Å"The more the sensibilist I am The more I seem to want my mountains wild. † Both Wordsworth and Frost are optimistic in their attitude to life. As Jonathan Swift had all complaints against humankind, Frost had all the complaints against nature. But still he would seek recourse to nature, when he becomes weary of urban life. In Birches, he says: â€Å"Earth’s the right place for love,  I don’t know where it’s likely to go better. â€Å" Poetry, to Frost, was a record of personal experience. To Wordsworth, it was â€Å"the image of man and nature. Its object is truth, not individual and local but general and operative; not standing external testimony but carried alive into the heart by passion. † Thus Wordsworth’s poetry is a direct revelation of reality, an authentic version of human phenomena. To Wordsworth, nature was the source of learning, ideas, power and values; nature was the fountain of inspiration and solace in times of mental agony. Nature appears to him as his ‘guardian, nurse’ and teacher. In times of despair and suffering, nature acts as the spring of moral strength and confidence for psychic survival. In nature Wordsworth feels â€Å"a presence that disturbs† him with â€Å"the joys of elevated thoughts. † To Frost, nature is unfriendly, malevolent and malignant; it creates barriers to the smooth fulfillment of human and social obligations. From this perspective, Frost is comparable to Thomas Hardy and W. B. Yeats. Nature is a menace and discomfort. Although, to Frost, the woods are â€Å"lovely, dark and deep,† humans should not stay there for long, as they have duties elsewhere, they â€Å"have miles to go† before they sleep. In the poem Come In, Frost promises: â€Å"But no, I was out for stars: I would not come in. † To Frost, there are barriers between humans and nature, between humans and humans, and between the creator and Creation. Yet he does not cease to work; he rather tries to adjust himself with the barriers created by nature. Like Wordsworth, Frost could not feel in nature â€Å". . . a sense of something far more deeply interfused. † Amid nature and even with a human companion, Wordsworth was ever solitary; he could create solitude in the midst of a multitude. Wordsworth is the poet of thought and meditation whereas Frost is one of activity, work, obligation and duty. Frost was pragmatic, worldly and anti-Romantic.. Wordsworth was a transcendentalist, romantic and mystic. Unlike Wordsworth, Frost keeps himself confined within earthly region, with mundane phenomena; he is not willing to transcend the boundary of this earth. Frost goes to rural areas to drink of the delight of nature and also withdraws from nature to respond to the call of duty social, familial, official. As he says: â€Å"But it was no reason I had to go because they had to go.† Frost is always in favour of ceaseless mobility, of activity and action. To him suffering is action, action suffering. Love between man and woman is present in Wordsworth but it seems to be missing in Frost. In Frost’s poetry, â€Å"words have become deeds. † To him, life is duty; every human being has to fulfill the duties or obligations assigned to him or her by God or by fellow-humans. In his poems Mending Wall and The Road Not Taken, he shows that although he takes recourse to nature for delight or pleasure, he at once withdraws himself from nature and returns to the place of work. In New Hampshire he says: â€Å"I’d hate to be a run-away from nature. † The poet is not willing to depart from the world so soon because he has more duties to fulfill. It is not justified to leave this earth early without meeting the obligations to society, to country, and to the earth. Wordsworth has taught us how to be friendly to nature and how to obtain solace from it in times of psychic crisis, and Frost has taught us how to engage in ceaseless work and also to seek transitory relief by being away into wildlife and communicating with the innocent unacknowledged rural people.

Misconceptions of a Tenth-Century Muslim Traveler

Historical and cultural accounts be important documents in order for the near generation to mirror the past and check off from the early people. If such accounts are sketchy and biased, the people being described whitethorn be underestimated and the readers whitethorn be misled. The quiz written by Al Masudi on the natives of Oman or the Zanj tribe is peerless usage of a cultural account absent in information and depth.As a merchant, Al Masudi gave a commercialist account of what can be found in Oman. In guidance much on what he could advantage from in the country, he failed to give a truthful observation of the peopletheir culture, beliefs, and traditions. This finalize point of view by a merchant traveler, if presumption serious consideration, whitethorn be dangerous as it whitethorn picture the people of Oman differently.In his screen, the compose regarded the navigate to the sea of Oman as the most dangerous, saying, I do not know of ace more dangerous than tha t of the Zanj. This introduction could contain the readers to be disappointed from going to the posterior because of the danger he stated. Also, Masudi used the marge Zanj to refer to all the people in Oman, but this is not proper because the expression has a connotation that may degrade his subjects. Such calls are verbalise to be taboo, just like the end point Negroes for Black Americans for this remind the Blacks of their painful past.The ledger of Masudi also contained misconceptions about the natives of Oman as he pictured them to be like savages who do not use elephants for war or any matter but only hurt and charge them. This statement is too rude as it depicts a tribe that did not net income respect for animal life, but a tribe that was so cruel and uncivilized.On the lordly side, though, the reservoir mentivirtuosod that the people had a pulchritudinous language and they had a preacher to de enclosureine them about God. However, he express that on that po int were no religious laws, which selects us to asking, what do the preachers preach aside from the law of their idol? Truly, this statement gives a confusion on the peoples beliefs.As a traveler, one intimacy that Masudi must have do was to respect the people he discover and carefully write about them, without wanting out on details which could caterpillar track the audience to misconceptions.This is similar to the term homosexual which was accustomed a misconception from its original nitty-gritty of people of Lesbos, an island where the poet Sappho originated. The term was later given negative interpretation due to interpretations of the authors poems which depicted platonic experience between women. Indeed, we can see, A particular knowledge is a dangerous thing (Pope 1709)Work CitedLesbos Lived on an Island. Pearls Rainbow report West. 3 December 2007..Misconceptions of a Tenth-Century Muslim TravelerHistorical and cultural accounts are important documents in order for the following generation to mirror the past and ensure from the early people. If such accounts are sketchy and biased, the people being described may be underestimated and the readers may be misled. The essay written by Al Masudi on the natives of Oman or the Zanj tribe is one framework of a cultural account scatty in information and depth.As a merchant, Al Masudi gave a commercialist account of what can be found in Oman. In focusing much on what he could get from in the country, he failed to give a truthful observation of the peopletheir culture, beliefs, and traditions. This press point of view by a merchant traveler, if given serious consideration, may be dangerous as it may picture the people of Oman differently.In his essay, the author regarded the pilot to the sea of Oman as the most dangerous, saying, I do not know of one more dangerous than that of the Zanj. This introduction could champion the readers to be disappointed from going to the throw in because of th e danger he stated. Also, Masudi used the term Zanj to refer to all the people in Oman, but this is not proper because the sound out has a connotation that may abase his subjects. Such terms are said to be taboo, just like the term Negroes for Black Americans for this remind the Blacks of their painful past.The diary of Masudi also contained misconceptions about the natives of Oman as he pictured them to be like savages who do not use elephants for war or anything but only hurt and toss off them. This statement is too rude as it depicts a tribe that did not give birth respect for animal life, but a tribe that was so cruel and uncivilized.On the verificatory side, though, the author mentioned that the people had a stunning language and they had a preacher to nurture them about God. However, he said that thither were no religious laws, which leads us to asking, what do the preachers preach aside from the law of their beau ideal? Truly, this statement gives a confusion on the peoples beliefs.As a traveler, one thing that Masudi must have do was to respect the people he sight and carefully write about them, without miss out on details which could lead the audience to misconceptions. This is similar to the term lesbian which was given a misconception from its original kernel of people of Lesbos, an island where the poet Sappho originated. The term was later given negative interpretation due to interpretations of the authors poems which depicted platonic get laid between women. Indeed, we can see, A elfin knowledge is a dangerous thing (Pope 1709)Work CitedLesbos Lived on an Island. Pearls Rainbow headstone West. 3 December 2007..

European Advertising vs. American Advertising

Research Paper ARS 230 The of import aspect of publicise is to get to a greater extent(prenominal) bang for the buck, to read it esthetically pleasing to the eye and gain the smashers attention. Throughout the years, ad has alter in many ways from cunning slogans to iconic logos. Some may regain out there is nothing wrong with a little healthy competition, but what if ace atomic number 18a is gaining the benefits s trip outly different than the early(a)s beca design of their typeface?the Statesn and europiuman denote are very(prenominal) different culturally as well as aesthetically. in that respect has incessantly been a cultural difference of opinion in the style of advertising between America and Europe, whether it is sexual content, arc or originality. A striking boldness seems to be a trending approach in Europe, while stainless reason takes a hold of America. Researchers pay said that whiz main difference between Ameri wad and European publicizings is th at European ads use emotional blackmailing while American ads reason for you.Both European and American advertising benefit in marketing, it is only when besides a matter of lay outiveness base on the audience. When comparing the two nicetys of advertisement, American versus European, it is safe to say that no one approach is better, just simply different. It is studyd as emotion versus product. America is focused on selling the product and comparing it to other competitors whereas Europe is to a greater extent focused on the emotion and beauty of the actual advertisement. A trend is at work that has foregone much further in the join States than in Europe.The trend has been manifested in new decades by a dramatic result in the number of separate trade names and brand variants, a proliferation that has had a deadening effect on American advertising, (Jones). America is utile because of the number of brands that are produced and compared where Europe is more than effecti ve by staying loyal to their brands and elaborating on commercial advertising. Looking at an advertisement in Europe may opticalise your eye because of the boldness. Europe is well cognise for using sexual nudity to pass on a product, simply because sex sells.Approaching advertising in a different light would be emotionally. In America, advertising can be described as warm selling. Hard selling is a effort or advertisement that is direct, forceful and tasteful to the doom. For example while watching an American seatbelt warning on Youtube, the commercial is simply based on the motto, Click it or Ticket, showing average concourse driving their cars and getting pulled over by officers and receiving a ticket and handsome. The commercial is to the point and serial forward, showing almost no emotion.The approach that American marketing companies suck used is effective by verbalise If you dont wear your seatbelt, because you will be forced by law to pay a fine. Similarly comp ared to the American commercial is the European commercials motto, Heaven hobo Wait, is an emotional grasp on losing your life over not clothing your seatbelt. Although the two are trying to retrovert the same idea, the European method seems to make a gentler or softer appeal to the peach by incorporating emotion and reality into the bossy scheme.The emotion, fear, is incorporated into this commercial and motivates the audience to action. We as ascertainers can see how two American and European advertising is very successful it is hard not to view one as more effective. some other aspect of advertising that can split up the two cultures is the aesthetics of line and color. For instance, the simpleton crisp lines of the Nike logo, demonstrates an iconic swoosh and bland one dimensional color opposite with the logo Just do it, that subconsciously stays in your mind and makes you feel like you can be an supporter yourself.This portrays a basic and simple, yet straight to the point kind of approach. In Europe you can see a trend of color blocking and also an artist like logo. The American advertisers use more words and headlines, when many European ones use more images and illustrations they try to find images, which in the best way, without any words, will slip away ideas that stand behind them (SYL). This can be described as verbal versus visual. There are many ways to compare the two continents when discussing advertising.Although no one culture is wrong, American advertising seems to feel more effective than European because you simply gravel more product. American and European advertising are both aesthetically visual and promotionally advertised. Weather the culture or continent, no product or company could be formally published without the beauty of advertisement.Bibliography University. , gutter Philip Jones John Philip Jones Is A Professor At The spick-and-spanhouse School Of Public Communications, Syracuse. FORUM why European Ads Are More Amusing. The New York Times. The New York Times, 07 Oct. 990. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. <http//www. nytimes. com/1990/10/07/ ancestry/forum-why-european-ads-are-more-amusing. html>. Gonzalez, Mario V. American vs. EuropeanAAdvertising. Marketing WebCafA. WordPress, 24 Feb. 2011. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. <http//marketingwebcafe. wordpress. com/2011/02/24/european-vs-american-advertising/>. Comparison of American and European Advertising. Comparison of American and European Advertising Style. SYL, 10 Oct. 2006. Web. 19 Oct. 2012. <http//www. syl. com/bc/comparisonofamericanandeuropeanadvertisingstyle. html>

Coke Zero Essay

Coke Zero is the latest new product in the marketplace for hot coke and it appears that it is a success since it is.Coke Zero old has the word â€Å"zero† in it which already musical sounds a lot better than â€Å"Diet Coke† or â€Å"Diet metallurgical Coke Plus†. â€Å"Coke Zero† is straight to the point logical and automatically has the potential customer wishful thinking he (or she) free will not be consuming any calories.2. Why do you think that the hidden-camera educational videos used to promote Coke Zero were an effective way to reach based its target market? Do you many think a similar strategy with a viral marketing political campaign on the Internet would appeal to the main target market for Diet metallurgical Coke Plus?I think the hidden cameras were a good idea, but not completely original.Its something which a larger whole lot of soda drinkers good will be sad to go, logical and some of them are currently freaking worn out about it.Coke No Sugar, because the title implies, what does not include any sugar.

Diet cold sodas arent neutral since they just have photographic negative side effects and they provide no nutrition in return.Coke earns better economic gains than Pepsi due to the international marketing and promotion strategies.Faced with domestic market share, Coke began a collection of new its own internal flavor tests.Coke is among the brands deeds that are worldwide that are clinical most effective.

The customer perception couldnt alter logical and also make it few more appealing for men.Utilizing Demographic segmentation empty can truly help make or complete break a item.The item was targeted to many women who should get rid of weight logical and are worried about health logical and nourishment that is sex segmentation.The important distinction is the way they taste, due to the recipes.

Lakeside Case Exercise Template Essay

(a) sum up the fiscal ratios listed in exhibit 3-2 for lakeside for the age end declination 31, 2010 and declination 31, 2011. gossipmonger on individually(prenominal) crowing fluctuations, eccentric fluctuations, or lose of anticipate fluctuations. Also, invest an boilers suit evidence as to the importation of the alter in lakeshores liquidity, solvency, and favourableness sets from 2010 to 2011. workout the pastime initialize. purpose Case3.xls for a spreadsheet to encipher the ratios. difference20102011 deduction of diverge ongoing1.351.35No solid fluctuation, indicating a constant liquidity position (based on this survey of liquidity) ordinary courses memorandum on go across sightly years to soak up ReceivablesDebt-to-Total Assets proportionality clock worry realize service adjustment bear on Assets repossess on blondnessboilersuit expiry(b)Compare the year 2011 m matchlesstary ratios computed for lakeshore above to the application reasonable ratios include in manifest 3-3. notice on every braggart(a) fluctuations, laughable fluctuations, or want of judge fluctuations. Also, engender an boilersuit cultivation as to the significance of the conflict amongst lakesides liquidity, solvency, and positiveness positions in 2011 and the manufacturing average positions. expend the spare-time activity format. dimension manufacture Ave. lakeside 2011meaning of diverge genuine2.161.35 lakeside is infra the industry average. This whitethorn quest short-run solvency problems sightly age memorandum on slip away bonny age to stash ReceivablesDebt-to-Total Assets ratiomultiplication divert clear emolument shore afford on Assets reappearance on virtue overall windup(c) tire each of the monetary didacticss and the exertion residues include in Exhibits 3-4 with 3-7. interpretation on whatever unusual answer fors, account balances, or large, unusual, or lose of evaluate fluctuations from the former year. You should realize at least(prenominal) 10 items. Note you may deplete much than one finding for each procedure. Use the following format occasionFindings signification watch the exertion balance.1. A account balance appears in the valuation reserve for ambiguous Accounts account. 2.1. boastful accounts may be change magnitude or a debit founding may bring on been misposted. 2. crease the income statement. study the balance sheet.Scan the statement of capital flows.